Quiz
CHAPTER 3
Fragen in diesem Quiz (74)
1Personality assessment refers to ________.
- Aa treatment for personality disorders
- Bthe analysis and interpretation of genetic markers of personality
- Cthe measurement of any characteristic pattern of behavior, thought, or emotion
- Dthe selection of a group of individuals with the most unique temperaments
2Personality assessment would be relevant to which of the following constructs?
- Aattitudes toward political leaders
- Bextraversion
- Caggression
- Dall of the above
3What term refers to personality inventories that are designed to measure a wide range of traits?
- Abig bandwidth inventories
- Bhigh-fidelity inventories
- Comnibus inventories
- DBig Seven inventories
4The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) was designed to ________.
- Aassess individuals with psychological disorders
- Bassess normal individuals
- Cidentify the Big Five personality factors
- Dassess Jung’s psychological types
5What does the acronym MMPI stand for?
- AMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
- BMinnesota Multiple Personality Inventory
- CMichigan Major Personality Inventory
- DMichigan Multiple Personality Inventory
6The MMPI was designed to ________.
- Aassess individuals with psychological disorders
- Bassess normal individuals
- Cidentify the Big Five personality factors
- Dassess Jung’s psychological types
7Although Funder draws a distinction between S and B data, the distinction between ________ tests is
also discussed in the text.- Aclinical and nonclinical
- Bprojective and objective
- Cquantitative and qualitative
- Dsubjective and objective
8Recent research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to study shyness indicates that ________.
- A“controlled” aspects of shyness can be predicted using S data, but uncontrolled or
spontaneous aspects can be more accurately predicted using B data - B“controlled” aspects of shyness can be predicted using B data, but uncontrolled or
spontaneous aspects are more accurately predicted based on S data - CS data were unrelated to any aspects of shy behavior, but B data predicted many facets of
shy behavior - DB data were unrelated to any aspects of shy behavior, but S data predicted many facets of
shy behavior
- A“controlled” aspects of shyness can be predicted using S data, but uncontrolled or
9An IQ test yields what kind of data?
- AB
- BI
- CL
- DS
10The Implicit Association Test (IAT) yields what kind of data?
- AB
- BI
- CL
- DS
11Your responses to the personality test item “I am an intelligent person” would be ________ data,
whereas your score on an intelligence test that reflects the number of problems you got right would be
________ data.- AB; L
- BS; L
- CI; B
- DS; B
12A projective test yields ________ data.
- AB
- BI
- CL
- DS
13According to the text, one of the nonpsychometric functions of projective tests is to ________.
- Adiagnose psychiatric disorders
- Bincrease the billable hours of clinical psychologists
- Cbreak the ice between client and therapist
- Dreduce countertransference between client and therapist
14As described in the text, according to some motivation researchers, the Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT) measures ________, whereas questionnaire-based measures predict ________.- Awhat people want; actual performance
- Bwhat people need; what people want
- Cwhat people want; how motives are expressed
- Dhow motives are expressed; actual performance
15According to the text, which projective test appears to have produced evidence that comes close to
establishing its validity?- ADraw-A-Person Test
- BThematic Apperception Test (TAT)
- CBuss-Perry Aggression Q-Sort
- DDraw-A-Face Test
16What is the name of the newer, shorter version of the TAT?
- AQ-Sort Card Projection
- BPicture Sort Test
- CTAT-RTAT-R
- DPicture Story Exercise
17A psychologist administering the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) asks respondents to ________.
- Adraw a person so that the psychologist may determine which parts are left out or
exaggerated - Bdescribe their current level of hostility so that the psychologist can measure their type A
tendencies - Ctell stories about pictures that the psychologist shows them
- Ddescribe their perceptions of the causes of people’s behavior so that the psychologist can
measure attributional complexity
- Adraw a person so that the psychologist may determine which parts are left out or
18All projective tests ________.
- Ainvolve stimuli with no clear meaning
- Binvolve the construction of stories and narratives
- Crequire choosing among multiple, predetermined alternatives
- Drely on computer scoring methods
19If you were shown an inkblot and asked to describe what you saw, you would be taking the ________.
- AMMPI
- BCPI
- CRorschach test
- DThematic Apperception Test
20When evaluated as psychometric instruments, most projective tests ________.
- Ado not fare very well
- Bhave validity but little reliability
- Chave generalizability but little validity
- Ddo as well as objective tests like the CPI and MMPI
21Which of the following is a limitation of projective tests?
- AClinicians tend to find them relatively unhelpful despite their considerable validity.
- BProjective tests are relatively inefficient and expensive to administer.
- CAlthough projective tests discriminate between known groups, the content of the items
may seem absurd to test takers. - DRespondents uniformly hate taking projective tests because of their length.
22If a test consists of a list of True/False questions and is graded using a computer-scored answer sheet,
then it is a(n) ________.- Aprojective test
- BQ-sort
- Cobjective test
- Dcommonality scale
23The reason that objective tests include so many items is to increase the ________ of the test.
- Acriterion-related validity
- Breliability
- Ccontent validity
- Dconstruct validity
24The improvement in reliability gained by adding additional “good” test items can be precisely
calculated using the ________ formula.- APearson Product Moment
- Balpha
- CTucker-Lewis
- DSpearman-Brown
25Which of the following is an objective test?
- AMMPI
- BTAT
- CRorschach inkblots
- DPicture Story Exercise
26Increasing the number of items on a test makes it a better instrument according to which principle?
- Aconstruct validation
- Boperational definition
- Caggregation
- Dincremental validation
27Which objective personality scale could be used to identify individuals who cannot read text?
- Athe F scale
- Bthe MMPI Lie scale
- Cthe PPI Illiterate Responder scale
- Dthe CPI Commonality scale
28If everybody read, interpreted, and answered an item in exactly the same way, then that item
________.- Awould not be very useful for the assessment of individual differences
- Bwould be very informative about personality
- Cwas developed using the rational method of test construction
- Dis empirically derived
29The basis of the ________ method of test construction is to come up with items that seem directly,
obviously, and logically related to what it is you wish to measure.- Arational
- Bempirical
- Cphilosophical
- Dfactor analytic
30What is the most common method of test construction?
- Afactor analytic
- Brational
- Cempirical
- Da combination of factor analytic and empirical methods
31According to the text, the last step in a factor analysis is to ________.
- Acalculate correlation coefficients between all item pairs
- Badminister the items to a new sample
- Cfind new criterion groups
- Dname the factors
32The factor analytic technique of test construction is designed to________.
- Aidentify individuals who are attempting to lie or sabotage a test
- Bidentify groups of test items that seem to be alike
- Cidentify items that mean the same thing to the respondent as they do to the researcher
- Dcreate projective tests
33What is the first step in the empirical method of scale construction?
- AGather lots of items.
- BIdentify the groups.
- CAdminister items to a large sample.
- DConduct a factor analysis on existing scales.
34The primary criterion for item selection in the empirical method of test construction is determining
whether the item ________.- Amakes the scale more reliable
- Bdiscriminates between two known groups
- Cloads highly on its primary factor
- Dwill be challenged in a legal context
35A test created using the empirical method yields what kind of data?
- AB
- BI
- CL
- DS
36The Woodworth Personality Data Sheet was designed to measure psychiatric problems in what group?
- Acollege students
- BU.S. Army recruits
- Cpotential employees of Target stores
- Dhigh school students
37The approach to personality test construction that examines a set of correlations among many items in
order to identify which items are highly correlated is called the ________ approach.- Anomothetic
- Bidiographic
- Crational
- Dfactor analytic
38Factor analysis can ________.
- Agive psychological meaning to groups of traits
- Bunquestionably determine the basic dimensions of personality
- Cidentify groups of items that go together
- Dtell which items best differentiate normal and abnormal populations
39The sole basis on which items are selected for empirically derived personality scales is whether
________.- Atheir content adequately reflects the construct to be measured
- Bthey are correlated with other items on the scales
- Cthe respondent will be willing and able to give an accurate self-assessment for them
- Dthey are answered differently by different kinds of people
40Dr. Akita is designing a test to measure sociability. She writes items that seem directly and obviously
related to sociability, such as “I like to go to parties” and “I enjoy the company of other people.”
Dr. Akita is using the ________ method of test construction.- Aempirical
- Bfactor analytic
- Crational
- Dprojective
41Imagine that you want to develop a test to measure depression. You gather a set of 100 potential test
items and ask a sample of people diagnosed with clinical depression and a sample of nondepressed
people to respond to the items. For your final version of the test, you decide to keep only the 15 items
that the depressed and nondepressed groups answered differently. You are using a(n) ________ method
of test construction.- Afactor analytic
- Brational
- Cprojective
- Dempirical
42If you were to fully develop a personality test without even looking at the item content, you would be
using the ________ method of test construction.- Afactor analytic
- Brational
- Cprojective
- Dempirical
43A test created using the rational method yields what kind of data?
- AS
- BI
- CL
- DB
44The ________ method is NOT a basic method for constructing objective personality tests.
- Arational
- Bempirical
- Cfactor analytic
- Dconsensus validation
45According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the conditions that must hold for an S data
personality test to accurately measure an attribute of personality?- AThe test taker must be able to make an accurate self-assessment.
- BAll of the items must be valid indicators of the construct.
- CThe test taker must be willing to report the self-assessment accurately.
- DThe test must contain both positively and negatively worded items.
46According to the text, what is the best approach to test construction?
- Athe rational method
- Bthe factor analytic method
- Cthe empirical method
- Da combination of all three approaches
47Which of the following approaches to test construction is the most atheoretical?
- Arational
- Bfactor analytic
- Ccontent validation
- Dempirical
48Which of the following is NOT a major limitation of the factor analytic approach?
- AUsually the factors that emerge do not make sense in even well designed research.
- BThe results are only as good as the items that are included in the analysis.
- CThe factors are only as good as the criterion groups used to validate the measure.
- DIt is up to psychologists to label the factors.
49Faking responses in order to influence test results is most difficult on ________ constructed tests.
- Afactor analytically
- Bempirically
- Crationally
- Dnomothetically
50Inventories derived from the empirical method sometimes have items that seem strange or even
objectionable to test takers ________.- Ain order to catch test takers who are faking responses
- Bbecause those items correlated with outcomes of interest to the test developers
- Cto identify test takers who are prudish and close-minded
- Dbecause those items seemed the most content-valid to the test developers
51Which of the following statements does NOT apply to rationally constructed personality scales?
- AThe items must all be face-valid indicators of what the tester is trying to measure.
- BThe person who completes the form must be able and willing to report an accurate selfassessment.
- CEach item must mean the same thing to the person who fills out the form as it did to the
psychologist who wrote it. - DItems are selected with the aid of statistical analyses such as item response theory (IRT).
52Currently, the consensus among most personality researchers is that there are ________ fundamental
personality traits.- A3
- B5
- C7
- D16
53The Big Five ________.
- Aare the five key steps in the process of factor analysis
- Bare steps in the construction of rational tests
- Cfactor analytically derived dimensions of personality
- Dare the primary methods of test construction used by personality psychologists
54Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five?
- Apsychoticism
- Bconscientiousness
- Cneuroticism
- Dagreeableness
55If a psychologist describes a research result as statistically significant, what does he or she typically
mean?- AThe result is important.
- BThe result is large and dramatic.
- CThe result is unlikely to have occurred by chance.
- DThe result will likely revolutionize the field.
56A researcher wants to conduct a significance test for the correlation between extraversion and
happiness. What is the null hypothesis in this analysis?- AExtraversion is positively correlated with happiness.
- BExtraversion is negatively correlated with happiness.
- CExtraversion is the same construct as happiness.
- DExtraversion is uncorrelated with happiness.
57What is the correct definition of the p-value?
- Aprobability that the null hypothesis is true
- Bprobability that the null hypothesis is false
- Cprobability that the observed result occurred by chance given that the null hypothesis is
true - Dprobability that the observed result occurred by chance given that the null hypothesis is
false
58Imagine that a researcher conducts a study and finds a statistically significant correlation between
eating pizza and aggression. However, there is no real association between eating pizza and aggression
in the population. What kind of error has this researcher made?- AType I
- BType II
- CType III
- Dcorrelational
59Imagine that a researcher conducts a study and fails to find a statistically significant correlation
between exercise and weight loss. However, there is a real association between exercise and weight
loss in the population. What kind of error has this researcher made?- AType I
- BType II
- CType III
- Dcorrelational
60Which of the following is NOT one of the concerns associated with the practice of null-hypothesis
significance testing?- AA statistically significant result is not necessarily important or meaningful.
- BThe smaller the sample size, the easier it is to find a significant effect.
- CThe criterion for a significant result (p < .05) is arbitrary.
- DThe p-value is easy to interpret and its logic is easy to describe.
61The number between –1 and +1 that indexes the linear association between any two variables is called
________.- Athe significance level
- Bthe probability value
- Cthe alpha level
- Dthe correlation coefficient
62The Binomial Effect Size Display is a method for illustrating the size of ________.
- Areliability coefficients
- Bvalidity coefficients
- Ccorrelation coefficients
- Dp-values
63A researcher computes a correlation coefficient between variables X and Y using a handheld calculator.
Which of the following values would automatically tell the researcher that he or she made a mistake?- A2.50
- B0.75
- C0
- D–0.98
64Imagine that you could draw a flat horizontal line through the points on a scatter plot depicting the
relation between X and Y. Which of the following is the closest value to the correlation coefficient that
you would compute from these data?- A–1.0
- B–0.5
- C0
- D1.0
65Imagine that you could draw a line through the points on a scatter plot depicting the relation between
X and Y that slopes upward from left to right. Which of the following is a possible value for the
correlation coefficient that you would compute from these data?- A–1.0
- B–0.5
- C0
- D1.0
66Which of the following is good practice for interpreting a correlation?
- Afinding a method that demonstrates the size of the correlation in a concrete manner
- Bevaluating whether it is statistically significant at the p < .05 level
- Csimply looking at the sign of the correlation and ignoring the actual value
- Dsquaring the value, so that you can interpret the value more easily
67Using the Binomial Effect Size Display, if there is a correlation of .30 between drinking alcohol and
the likelihood of having a car accident, then out of 100 people who have been drinking, you would
expect ________ of them to have an accident.- A100
- B45
- C90
- D65
68Assume that you are studying 200 participants, all of whom are sick. An experimental drug is given to
100 of them; the other 100 are given nothing. If the correlation between taking the drug and living is .
26, then ________ percent of those who got the drug would still be alive at the end of the study.- A13
- B63
- C26
- D52
69Integrity tests administered in employment screening provide good measures of ________.
- Aconscientiousness
- Bintelligence
- Cdrug use on the job
- Dsociability
70Eliminating the use of personality tests in employment screening will ________.
- Aprevent biases from affecting hiring decisions
- Bdecrease the likelihood that women and minorities will be discriminated against in hiring
- Cincrease the use of lie detector tests and drug tests in employment screening
- Dnot prevent traits from being judged but will change the ways traits are judged
71One objection to the use of vocational interest tests is that these tests ________.
- Ameasure conscientiousness rather than vocational interest
- Bmay discourage women or minority group members from joining certain fields
- Cmeasure performance ability rather than job interest
- Dcan be used to tell individuals what kind of occupational group they most resemble
72Which of the following is an ethical issue involved in the research process?
- Ahow research findings are used
- Bwhich research topics are studied
- Chow truthful researchers are when describing their work
- Dall of the above
73Which of the following is the biggest concern that Funder has about the use of deception in
psychological research?- AMost experiments that involve deception cause too much harm to participants.
- BMost experiments that involve deception are too silly to warrant such an extreme method.
- CThe use of deception may harm the credibility of psychology and psychological
researchers. - DNone of the above; Funder has few concerns about the use of deception in research.
74Which of the following is NOT a typical argument used to justify deception in psychological research?
- AParticipants have given informed consent and can withdraw their data if they are upset.
- BThe use of deception actually educates participants about ethical concerns in research.
- CThe deception typically does not harm participants.
- DSome topics can only be studied using deception.
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Psychology 150 Quiz am CHAPTER 3, erstellt von J P am 03/12/2017.
- Autor
- J P
- Sprache
- English
- Aufrufe
- 175
- Schlagwörter
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