Week 6

Question 1

Para qué se utiliza el Source Monitoring Framework (SMF)?
Es relacionar el recuerdo que buscamos con diferentes sources: quién, cómo cuándo, dónde, etc..
Es un evolving collection of ideas diseñando para explicar los mecanismos por los cuales las personas atribuyen momentos mentales a origines particulares.

Answer

true

Question 2

El SMF assumes that the revival of information from memory follows the transfer-appropriate processing or encoding specificity principle. 
El SMF incorpora las ideas del RM framework.

Answer

true

Question 3

Los procesos que son tacit (expressed or understood without being directly stated) e inconscientes en la ongoing experience, dejan de ser tacit e inconscientes when cued.

Answer

true

Question 4

Qué es el TAP/ESP y para qué funciona?
El TAP/ESP se refiere a cuando estamos orientados a recordar (retrieval mode). El TAP esto se puede describir como matters of configuring aspects of current thought in ways that more effectively act as cues for past thoughts. 
Y es otro determinante de que aspectos de una past experiences are vs. are not revived by a cue is the nature of the cue.

Answer

true

Question 5

Cues reviven information de recuerdos específicos.

Answer

true

Question 6

La SMF assumes que cuando reviving memory information no pasa nada con nuestros recuerdos y no aparecen nuevos traces.

Answer

true

Question 7

Qué es el RM model y para qué se utiliza?
Reality Monitoring Model. 
The SMF is an outgrowth and elaboration of Johnson and Raye's Reality Monitoring Model (RM). 
Este modelo was primarily an account of how individuals differentiate between memories of actual perceptual events vs. memories of thoughts, fantasies or dreams.

Answer

true

Question 8

Selecciona las correctas

Accepted Answer

Los participantes rated their memories of past fantasies as less perceptually detailed than their memories of past real events.

Accepted Answer

Subjects were more likely to confuse memories of seeing line drawings with memories of imaging line drawing if the objects were easily imagined than if they were difficult to imagine.

Answer

Los participantes rated their memories of past fantasies as more perceptually detailed than their memories of past real events.

Answer

Subjects were more likely to confuse memories of seeing line drawings with memories of imaging line drawing if the objects were difficult to imagine than if they were easily imagined.

Question 9

Un ejemplo de source difficulty in memory es la sparse revival of memorial information. 
Se puede dar por poor attention during the event itself or por poor cuing.

Answer

true

Question 10

Quiénes creyeron que las palabras que imaginaron fueron más accurate?
En qué casos hubo un performance substantially poorer?

Accepted Answer

Subjects who imagined the words in their own voice. 
When storytellers were a teenaged girl and and elderly man.

Answer

Subjects who imagined the word's in the experimenters voice.
When storytellers where teenaged girls.

Question 11

Pueden source monitoring attributions ser influenciadas por expectations y estereotipos held by rememberer?
Si

Answer

true

Question 12

A qué se refiere el it-had-to-be-you effect?
Es la tendencia de atribuir false memories to whichever source tends to give rise to weaker memories. 
En otra prueba los items la recognition memory era mejor para los items que los sujetos imaginaron a los que los sujetos percibieron.

Answer

true

Question 13

Variables that impair encoding often compromise SM. But under some conditions superior encoding can promote SM error. 
The specify of source attributions is flexibly tuned to the remember's current goals. 
Uno de los errores más comunes es encontrar saber cuándo sucedió un evento específico. Si tenemos muchos eventos similares en distinto momentos, es más difícil saber cuándo sucedió.

Answer

true

Question 14

Casi todas las SM attributions son hechas rápidamente y con una reflexión consciente.

Answer

true

Question 15

Una de las estrategias que utilizamos con es deliberatively cuing memory in different ways.

Answer

true

Question 16

Emotional arousal tends to enhance memories for occurrence but to impair memories for source.

Answer

true

Question 17

Cuando una situación es muy similar, es más difícil para un niño que para un adulto distinguir las diferencias. 
Los niños tienen recuerdos más vívidos, por lo tanto les cuesta más trabajo distinguir entre eventos imaginarios y eventos reales.

Answer

true

Question 18

El SM performance nunca declines late in life.

Answer

true

Question 19

Entre más detallado es un evento, más fácil es distinguirlo de la realidad.

Answer

true

Question 20

A veces usamos memory information de specific prior episodes without having the subjective experience of remembering. (involuntary plagiarism).

Answer

true

Question 21

Fluency está relacionada con el SM. 
Sólo cuando la fluency es discrepant with the person's moment-by-moment impression and when the memory is a plausible source of that fluency, that person is likely to attribute fluency to memory.

Answer

true

Question 22

Qué es el dual-process model of recognition memory?
Hold that items can be correctly reorganized as old on either of these bases:
1.) Familiarity
2.) Recollection

Answer

true

Question 23

Cómo y cuándo pueden suceder misinformation effects on source monitoring?
Pueden ser obtenidos si las condiciones hacen la SM difficult (the sources are highly similar and there is a delay between them and the test). 
Subjects in the easy condition showed no tendency to report suggested details. 
Subjects in the difficult condition quite often reported suggested datails.

Answer

true

Question 24

Qué es el knew-it-all-along (KIA) effect?
Persons report that they possessed knowledge at a previous point of time that they in fact acquired subsequent to that time.

Answer

true

Question 25

Qué es el forgot-it-all-along effect (FIA)?
When subjects had recalled the same item on each of the two tests, they were more likely to fail to remember their test-1 recall of the item if they had been cued to think of the item in different ways on the two sets. 
En otras palabras olvidas lo primero que pasó.

Answer

true

Question 26

Qué es la cryptomnesia?
Cuando inconscientemente plagiarisiamos algo. Creemos que las ideas de alguien más son nuestras. 
Entre más similitudes haya (ideas de dos hombres) más altas son las probabilidades de cryptomnesia.

Answer

true

Question 27

The mere exposure effect
Cuando hemos sido expuestos a algo sin darnos cuenta no preferimos esas cosas.

Answer

true

Question 28

Qué es un déjà Vu?
Cuando crees que ya viviste algo que no has vivido. 
Esto se puede dar por: 
- decoupling of streams of perceptual processing that normally progress in synchrony, una stream runs faster than the other. - un momentary lapse of attention, during which perceptual processes carry on automatically, with memories of those (poorly bound) perceptual processes being cued when attention returns to the ongoing situation.
- partial revival of memories of some similar past situation, giving rise to a strong feeling of familiarity without providing sufficient source-specifying.

Answer

true

Question 29

Entre más detalles tiene un recuerdo, más real parece. 
Y repetirlo una y otra vez también hace que se sienta más real porque:
1.) records of cognitive operations associated with generating an image of that item.
2.) the fluency and vividness with which the latter images were generated.

Answer

true

Question 30

SM performance sólo depende de las características de los memory records.

Answer

true

Question 31

Imagining a future event decreases the subjective likelihood that the event will occur.

Answer

true

Question 32

When people are given uncertain conditions and asked to make outcome likelihood judgments, the more easily pictured outcomes are more cognitively available.

Answer

true

Question 33

Al imaginar un escenario nos forzamos a crear una alternativa a la realidad por un período corto de tiempo ya que ese escenario fit the imagined facts into their existing knowledge of the world. EL proceso de imaginar algo, hace que los sujetos recuerden esa información aunque no recuerden la source, esta información está más disponible y los sujetos están más seguros de que el evento sucedió.

Answer

true

Question 34

Después de imaginar un evento nuestra confidence de que realmente sucedió incrementa. 
En el experimento subjects who initially reported that an event did not happen, but then imagined that it had, were more likely to increase their confidence that it had occurred. También imaginer un evento lo hace sentir muy real. 
Esto sucede porque entre más imaginamos algo más familiar parece.

Answer

true

Question 35

Pedir a los sujetos que imaginen un evento que no ha sucedido en sus vidas incrementa que crean que si fue real.

Answer

true

Question 36

Qué es el "sleeper effect"?
Cuando el content and source eventually become dissociated, and a proposition that would immediately have been judged invalid (because its source was suspect) is now judged as true.

Answer

true

Question 37

Qué es hypermnesia?
Tendency toward increased recall over successive test. Increasingly accurate recall. Entre más lo recalleamos más accurate se vuelve. 
Sólo se encuentra con recall tests no con recognition tests.

Answer

true

Question 38

Imaginar el pasado de una manera diferente a cómo fue, cambia el recuerdo sobre él. 
Imagining contrary-to-truth experiences can do more than change the way people make sense of the past. It can also change memories for it. También se conocen como counterfactual thought, y pueden afectar la manera en la que juzgamos bad outcome, personal choices y accountability.

Answer

true

Question 39

Se pueden crear false memories sobre eventos. En el experimento crearon una sobre un shopping-mall. 
1/4 de los "imagine it" subjects y 9% de los "think about it" subjects developed a clear memory of the false experience.

Answer

true

Question 40

Qué es el confidence-boosting effect?
Cuando nos volvemos más confident de que experienced imagined counter-factual events than non-imagined counterfactual effects.

Answer

true

Question 41

Existen dos main explanations para la imagination inflation:
1.) Source confusion: un proceso en el que el contenido y la fuente se separan. Como cuando confundes la información de un evento viejo con un evento nuevo.
2.) Familiarity: al imaginar eventos se vuelven más familiares and subjects incorrectly attribute the increased familiarity of imagined events to their occurrence.

Answer

true

Question 42

Entre más viejos son los eventos, más dudas tenemos sobre ellos, más amount of imagination-inflation puede existir. Entre más recientes sean menos dudas tenemos, más confiados somos sobre la información que tenemos y es más difícil cambiar nuestra forma de pensar.

Answer

true

Question 43

Entre más grandes somos menos predisposition a hypnotic suggestion y dissociation tenemos. Los niños tienen a creer que eventos no reales son reales, mucho más seguido que los adultos.

Answer

true

Question 44

Mucho recall puede afectar la manera en la que recordamos nuestro pasado. Podemos llegar a cambiar nuestra autobiografía totalmente. 
Imagination puede ser puedo y ayudarnos a algunas cosas, pero también puede ser dañino en otros aspectos.

Answer

true

Question 45

Very often we use our memories not to generate things, but to make a decision about whether we have encountered a stimulus. 
Recognition memory = a person's ability to correctly decide whether he/she has encountered a stimulus previously in a particular context.

Answer

true

Question 46

Forced recognition test = distractors are sometimes presented together with the old item, and the person must choose one of the items.

Answer

true

Question 47

Signal detection theory = a typical auditory detection experiment, people listen for a faint tone presented in a background of white noise, and are instructed to press a button if they detect a tone. 
Hit, miss, false alarm, correct rejection (not have heard the tone, when it was present). 
- this theory proposes that memory traes have strength values that reflect their activation in memory, which dictate how familiar they seem. 
- traces are thought to vary in their familiarity, depending on how much attention the item is received at encoding, or how many times it was repeated.

Answer

true

Question 48

Word frequency effect = suggests that some factor other than item strength must contribute to recognition memory.
- low-frequency words are better recognized than high-frequency words.

Answer

true

Question 49

The experience of knowing somebody or something, without having the ability to remember where from. 
Recognition judgments can be made in one of two ways:
According to dual-process theories of recognition, both of these processes contribute to recognition:
1.) Familiarity-based recognition =make a judgement based on how familiar a stimulus seems. Fast and automatic. 
2.) Recollection = you can recognize something by recalling the particulars of the experience. Slow, more attention demanding.

Answer

true

Question 50

Remember/know procedure = asks people to make judgements on the test out why they feel they recognize the item, on the basis of:
Remembering (recollection).
Knowing (familiarity).

Answer

true

Question 51

Process dissociation procedure (PDP) = a technique for parceling out the contributions of recollection and familiarity within a recognition task.

Answer

true

Question 52

Recollection is a controlled, attention-demanding process.

Answer

true

Question 53

Source monitoring = the processes of examining the origins of what we retrieve and deciding whether it is from a particular source.
Retrieval sometimes fails, even given effective encoding.

Answer

true

Week 6

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