Arabic Language Level 1 (Part 1) Revision

Revision Level 1 (Part 1)

• Asking Questions:
• أَهَذَا...؟ 'is this..?'
• مَا 'What'
• مَنْ 'Who'
• أَيْنَ 'Where'

Prepositions حُرُوفُ الجَرّ

• بِ 'At'
• مِنْ 'From'
• إِلَى 'To'
• عَلَى'On'
• فِي 'In'
• لِ 'Belonging to/For'
• Prepositions make the nouns after them have a kasra (مجرور)
• فِي بَيْتٍ
• فِي الْبَيْتِ

Demonstrative pronouns أَسْمَاءُ الإِشَارَةِ

• For the near:
• هَذَا This is (M)
• هَذِهِ This is (F)
• For the far:
• ذَلِكَ That is (M)
• تِلْكَ That is (F)
• هَذَا بَيْتٌ هَذَا البَيْتُ

Folie 4

• Vocative يَا
• Makes noun after have one Damma
• أُسْتَاذٌ > يَاأُسْتَاذُ
• Proper nouns:
• Masculine proper nouns end with ٌ > مُحَمَّدٌ
• Feminine proper nouns end with ُ > آمِنَةُ
• Masculine proper nouns ending with ة end with ُ > مُعَاوِيَةُ

Mudaf and mudaf ilayhi مُضَاف مُضَاف إِلَيهِ

• مُضَاف Possessed:
• -Cannot take tanween
• -Cannot take ال
• -Definite by position
• مُضَاف إِلَيهِ Possesor:
• -Must take kasra (مجرور)
• -Can take tanween or ال
• كِتَابُ خَالِدٍ
• كِتَابُ الْمُدَرِّسِ

Folie 6

• Nouns that make the word after it have a kasra:
• تَحْتَ 'Under'
• أَمَامَ 'In-front of'
• خَلْفَ 'Behind'
• عِنْدَ 'With/to have'
• مَعَ 'With'
• أَمَامَ الْمَسْجِدِ

النَّعَتُ وَالْمَنْعُوتُ

• Adjectives and nouns they classify.
• Adjectives follow the nouns in:
• 1) GENDER
• 2) DEFINITE/INDEFINITE
• 3) CASE (ending)
• قَلَمٌ جَدِيْدٌ 'New pen'
• سَاعَةٌ جَدِيْدَةٌ 'New watch'
• فِي السَّاعَةِ الجَدِيْدَةِ 'In the new watch'

Pronouns الضَّمَائِر

• Attached
• قَلَمِي 'My pen'
• قَلَمُكَ 'Your pen'
• قَلَمُهُ 'His pen'
• قَلَمُهَا 'Her pen'
• Detached:
• أَنَا 'I (am)'
• أَنْتَ 'You (m)'
• هُوَ 'He/it'
• هِيَ 'She/it'
• Exceptions: أَبُوْهُ ,أَخُوْهُ

Verbs

• ذَهَبَ 'He went'
• خَرَجَ 'He left/went out'
• جَلَسَ 'He sat'
• دَخَلَ 'He entered'
• ذَهَبْتُ 'I went'
• ذَهَبْتَ 'You (m) went'

Mubtada & Khabr

• مُبْتَدَا
• -Subject
• -In the beginning
• -Should take ال
• -Must be definite
• خَبَر
• -Information about the subject
• -Can only take dammataan (in describing words)
• -Indefinite
• Mubtada and Khabr (same gender)
• هَذَا السَّيَّارَةُ جَمِيْلَةٌ

Feminine words

• Exception of feminine words not ending with ة
• -قِدْرٌ
• -Body parts that are in pairs
• -شَمْسٌ ,اَرْضٌ (nature)
• -Female relations (mother, sister)

لِ (belongs to) exceptions in joining

• 1) If noun after لِ has ال, Hamzatul wasl (alif) is dropped. For example لِ+اَلْمُدِيْرُ = لِلْمُدِيْرِ
• 2) Joining لِ to الله will be لله
• 3) Joining لِ to pronouns changes it to لَ. For example لَهُ ,لَهَا.
• Exception: لِي

Endings

• فِي الْمُسْتَشْفَ ,فِىي أمريكَا > The proposition does not have an effect on words ending with Madd letters
• Diptotes (exceptions of words that can't take tanween):
• -Some female names e.g زَيْنَبُ ,حَمْزَةُ
• -مضاف cant take tanween
• -Adjectives on the pattern of فَعْلَانُ
• e.g مَلآنُ ,كَسْلَانُ ,عَطْشَانُ ,غَضْبَانُ ,جَوْعَانُ

Further notes:

• الَّذِي (Who/which) > depends on the context. (Who > person, which > object)
• عِنْدَ and لِ (to have)
• عِنْدَ > Irrational (objects or animals) separable
• لِ > Rational (relations) inseparable
• مَا (What) - can also be used as a particle of negation e.g مَا عِنْدِي (i do not have)
• عند & مع (with)
• - عِنْدَ (with restrictions) - a more specific location is known
• - مَعَ (without restrictions) - more general