Karteikarten
Environmental Ecology
Karten in diesem Stapel (83)
- 1Non-source pollutionPollution from another source - aka polluted runoff
- 2PhytoremediationProcess in which plants absorb and breakdown contaminants from soils and waters
- 3Bioaccumulation and BiomagnificationBioaccumulation: increase in the concentration of a chemical in an organism over time
Biomagnification: increase in the concentration of a chemical as it's passed up the food chain - 4Routes of mercury exposure (2)Elementary: inhalation, dental
Methylmercury: contaminated foods - 5How much fish should one eat?Regular Population: 150g/week
Pregnant: 150g/month
Children: 75g/month - 6Acute vs Chronic exposureAcute: short, immediate, severe
Chronic: long-term, repeated small exposure - 7Where does mercury come from?Very rare in nature
Anthropogenic - everywhere - 8Mercury Cycle1. Emitted into atmo
2. deposited via rain/snow/gas particles
3. Accumulated in lakes, forests
4. Transported through water, and converted to Methylmercury by Sulfide
5. Methylmercury accumulates in food web - 9Bee species in Ontario7 decline
3 stable
4 increasing - 10Why is the forest harvested? (4)Energy, pulp, lumber, economy
- 11How much of the forest is harvest in Canada/year?1 million ha/ year
- 12How much of the world's land is covered in forest?31%
- 13Top 5 forest rich countriesRussia, Brazil, Canada, China, USA
- 14How much of the worlds forest is natural? Planted?Natural: 93%
Planted: 7% - 15How much forest was deforested between 2000-201013 million ha but net forest lost was 5.2 million ha
- 16ReforestationAction of renewing forest
Land previously had tree cover - 17AfforestationAction of creating a new forest
Forest on land that never had vegetation - 18How much of the world's forest is conserved?12%
But increased by 35% - 19How many people are employed by forests14 million
- 20How much forest in Canada?400 million ha
- 21Percentage of trees in Canada Coniferous Mixed-wood BroadleafConiferous: 68%
Mixed-wood: 16%
Broadleaf: 11% - 22How much of Canadas forest is harvested annually?0.2%
- 23What is Canada the lead exporter in? (3)Softwood lumber
Newsprint
Pulp - 24How much of Canadas forest is sustainable?150 million ha
~40% - 25Nutrient RotationRegenerating harvested grounds before the next harvest
- 26How does hydrology affect forestry? (2 ways)1. Transpiration and evapotranspiration
2. Mature forests moderate peak-flow - 27How is water quality affected by Forestry? (3)1. Erosion: caused by poorly constructed roads
2. Leaching nutrients form harvested sites
3. Increasing water temperatures - 28What are the two most leached nutrients?Nitrate and Potassium
- 29What are 3 impacts on clearcutting1. Destroys habitat
2. Biodiversity risk
3. Creates a positive feedback loop - 30Attributes of old growth forests (2)Abundant in large trees
Large stand biomass and spatial variation - 31Steps to making a plantation (5)1. Clearcutting
2. Scarification: preparing land for planting
3. Plant seedlings
4. Manage crops
5. Clearcut and replant - 32Ecological consequences of Plantations (3)1. Low diversity (single crop)
2. Mono or bio crops are prone to disease
3. No woody debris, increase in leaching - 33Integrated Forest ManagmentManagement practices that accommodates multiple interests in forest landscape
Goal: Achieve Balance - 34How much net loss and agricultural gain in Tropical Counties (of forest)Net loss: 7 million ha annually
Agricultural gain: 6 million ha - 35How much does the world foods supply need to increase to feed the population by 205070%
- 36What are major crop changes with agriculture (4)1. non-shattering seed pod
2. more uniform ripening
3. more determined growth
4. larger seed size - 37Earliest domesticated cropslentils, wheat, rice, maize
- 38The Green RevolutionLarge increase in crop production in developed countries thanks to the use of pesticides, fertilizers and high-yield crops
- 39Agriculture Management SystemsManagement practice used to increase productivity and quality
- 40Environmental effects of agriculture (3)1. Declining in site capital (erosion, leaching)
2. Pollution by agricultural practice
3. Conversion of natural habitats - 41What is the leading cause of endangering global biodiversity (3)Conversion of Natural Habitat
Urbanization
Alien species - 42How many known species to man are now extinct?90%
- 43How many of the present day species are expected to be extinct by 2050?20%
- 44Where do the majority of extinctions happen?On Islands
60% of mammal species - 45Reason's for Biodiversity Crisis1. Destruction of Natural Habitat
2. Damage caused by invasive species
3. Excessive commercial harvesting
4. Other stressors (human economy) - 46What is the leading cause of modern extinction?Destruction of Natural Habitats
including: conversion of old growth forests, urbanization and industrialization - 47Way to remove Zebra Mussels (4)1. Injection Serotonin
2. Low frequency radio waves
3. Biobullet
4. P. Fluorescence (bacteria) - 48Nile PerchInvasive species in Lake Victoria that has no predators and is eating native species. It's slowly running out of food, and now it's dying off too.
No recovery? - 49What birds were "over harvested" and lead to their extinctionMamo birds (Hawaii)
Dodo birds
Moa birds (New Zealand and Madagascar)
Elephant Birds (Madagascar) - 50How much of the natural world is described?Animals (12%)
Fungi (7%)
Plants (70%) - 51How many species are there on Earth?8.7 Million
- 52How many marine species are known to be on earth?2.2 million
- 53How many species are undiscovered?Land: 86%
Marine: 91% - 54Environmental Stressors (8)1. Physical
2. Wildfires
3. Chemical
4. Thermal
5. Radiation
6. Climatic
7. Biological
8. Anthropogenic - 55Environmental Values (4)1. Utilitarian
2. Ecological
3. Aesthetic
4. Intrinsic - 56Laws of thermodynamics1st: energy must be transformed
2nd: energy is spontaneous - 57How much solar energy is absorbed and reflected by the atmosphere?Absorbed: 25%
Reflected: 30%
45% is absorbed by planet - 58What percentage of energy is lost up the food chain?10%
- 59Three types of biomesTerrestrial
Fresh Water
Marine - 60Freshwater BiomesLentic: lakes and ponds
Lotic: rivers and streams
Wetlands: marsh, fen, swamp, open water, bog - 61What biomes are most affected by stressors?Deserts and Tundra
- 62What biomes thrive with medium stressorscoral reefs and rainforests
- 63Doubling TimeTime is takes to double a population
(between 1B and 2B it took 80 years) - 64What caused the rapid growth factor in human population? (3)1. urban sanitation
2. agriculture
3. medicine - 65Where is the faster and slowest growing population?Fastest: Africa (2.4%/year)
Slowest: Europe (0.2%/year) - 66IPAT (Impact equation)Population X Affluence X Technology
= Total environmental IMPACT - 67What percentage of forests in Nova Scotia is clearcut?90%
- 68What is the normal rotation time for a forest?30-40 years
- 69Circular EconomyPreventing waste by improving the design and longevity of a product to maximize use and enhance re-use (zero waste)
- 70Types of Marine Renewable Energy (4)1. Offshore Wind
2. Wave Energy
3. Tidal Energy
4. Ocean Current - 71What is the tidal energy potential in Canada?42000 MW - about 64% of current energy demand
7500 MW alone in Nova Scotia - 72What is the capacity of Wind Energy in Canada?11898 MW
- 73Impacts of Wind Energy (4)1. Biophysical: avian species, wetlands
2. Env Impacts
3. Socio-political impacts
7. Law and policy - 74Carbon BudgetThe amounts of GHG (CO2) we can afford to emit before we reach our 2 degree tipping point
- 75What is the Troposphere composed of?Nitrogen (78%)
oxygen (21%) - 76How much UV is filtered by the stratosphere?95%
- 77Major emissions air pollutants (3)Sulfur (SO2, H2S)
Nitrogen (all types)
Halocarbons (methane and non-methane and organic vapour) - 78How is smog formed?- Nitrogen is burned and oxidized
- It then combines with O2
- O3 is formed and mixes with nitrous oxide and creates smog - 79Greenhouse GassesCO2
CH4
N2O
O3
Water Vapour
CFCs - 80Why are there seasonal changes in atmospheric CO2?Plant Bloom
Increase in vegetation in N Hem in spring/summer decreases CO2 - 81Environmental Contamination Protocols1. Notification of contamination
2. Property Remediation
3. Environmental Site Assessment: Phase 1 and Phase 2
4. Remediation levels
5. Remediation Action Plan
6. Confirmation of Remediation - 82Potential Contamination Concerns? (3)1. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH)
2. Metals (zinc, lead)
3. Polycyclic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - pyrine and tetracene - 83What is the name of the plastic eating fungi?Aspergilus turbingensis
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- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am Environmental Ecology, erstellt von Liane Cloutier am 14/12/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Liane Cloutier
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