Karteikarten
Brain Stimulation techniques
Karten in diesem Stapel (24)
- 1what is neuromodulation?the alteration of neural activity through the delivery of electrical stimulation to targeted sites of the body with the aim to modulate the nerve function
- 2what is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)non-invasive method using induced currents by changing magnetic fields to create electrical currents
- 3what is an issue with electrical stimulation?it is strongly reduced by the skull and hence only suitable as an invasive technique
- 4what is an issue with magnetic stimulation?a very strong magnetic field needs to be created with a small stimulator
- 5how does TMS function?electric currents are passed through a could which rapidly changes a magnetic field which induces electrical current in the brain which triggers action potentials which causes a prolonged period of deactivation - induces disorder in normally ordered systems
- 6what is the effect of having different sizes of coils?determines how localised the magnetic field is
- 7how do researchers know where to hold the coil?find functional effect i.e. hand twitch when looking for M1, different anatomical landmarks
- 8what are the possible effects of TMS?expected effect - disrupts normal function, connected effects - disrupts function in area beyond stimulation, paradoxical effects - improvement of performance/disturbing inhibitory areas
- 9what is sham simulation?control condition - receive minimal or no stimulation, pps can figure out if they are in the control condition if they have participated before
- 10what is off-target active stimulation?stimulate a different area (control site) or stimulate same region outside critical time window, pps receive unnecessary stimulation
- 11what are different types of TMS?single pulse - mapping of regions, repetitive pulse - cortex functioning
- 12what can TMS be used for?to measure timing of mental processes, create false brain lesions
- 13what are advantages of TMS?can assess if a brain areas is necessary for a given function, precise and localised, therapeutic benefits, can be used in conjunction with fMRI to also provide temporal data, creating temporary lesions means you can study more pps and are more precise areas than case studies
- 14what are disadvantages of TMS?only surface of the brain can be targeted, can be unpleasant for pps, changes in behaviour due to TMS legions produce less impactful changes in behaviour
- 15what are safety concerns of TMS?seizure induction, hearing issues, risk of metal
- 16what are possible side effects?local neck pain and headaches, twitches, subtle changes in mood
- 17does TMS really cause a virtual lesion?yes because it causes temporary disruption to brain activity, but does not temporary kill neurons
- 18what is transcranial direct current stimulation tDCS?non-invasive pain-less brain stimulation, passes a weak electrical current between to electrodes placed on the scalp, neurons are made more (anodal) or less (cathodal) likely to fire
- 19what are parameters of tDCS?electrode size, intensity of stimulation, duration of stimulation, electrode positioning
- 20what are advantaged of tDCS?causative data, shows that regions and tasks are related, easy to use a comparably cheap, portable
- 21what are disadvantages of tDCS?electrodes are very large hence less precise, no temporal information, variability between pps, hard to find good control conditions, side effects are common
- 22what is deep brain stimulation (DBS)?brain pacemaker - placement of an electrode inside the brain connected to a battery pack in the chest/abdomen, changes brain activity in controlled manner. used to treat parkinson's, epilepsy and severe OCD
- 23in what ways is DBS dissimilar to natural signals in the brain?higher frequency than natural communication, higher stimulation than a neuron can produce, no permanent changes, doesn't halt neurodegeneration
- 24what are problems with DBS?risk of brain bleed and infection, expensive, electrodes can dislodge, batteries have to be changes every few years which requires surgery
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- Advanced Psychology Methods A Karteikarten am Brain Stimulation techniques, erstellt von Elle Milne am 10/12/2018.
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- Elle Milne
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