Karteikarten
Ruminant Digestive Tract
Karten in diesem Stapel (81)
- 1Where are the incisions for the vast majority of ruminant abdominal surgeries made?Flank
- 2What is traumatic reticulitis? What can it lead to? How?~Piercing of the reticulum as a result of ingestion of a foreign body
~Traumatic pericarditis
~If foreign body pierces diaphragm and goes all the way through to the pericardium - 3What percentage of the abdominal cavity does the rumen take up in the adult ox?80
- 4What percentage of the abdominal cavity does the reticulum take up in the adult ox?5
- 5What percentage of the abdominal cavity does the omasum take up in the adult ox?8
- 6What percentage of the abdominal cavity does the abomasum take up in the adult ox? What percentage does it take up in a calf?~7%
~60% - 7On which side of the body is the rumen located in ruminants?Left
- 8Which order does food pass through each of the 4 major chambers of the ruminant's digestive tract?Rumen --> reticulum --> omasum --> abomasum
- 9On which side of the body is the liver located in ruminants?Right (pushed this way by rumen) - cannot be seen from the left
- 10—
- 11Which of the 4 chambers of the ruminant stomach lies against the diaphragm?Rumen
- 12Which of the 4 chambers of the ruminant stomach is the "true" stomach (ie. equivalent of stomach in small animals)?Abomasum
- 13Which of the 4 chambers of the ruminant stomach is the largest in calves?Abomasum
- 14Review diagram
- 15—
- 16Which of the 4 ruminant stomach chambers is the principal site of bacterial fermentation?Rumen
- 17Which are the only organs which are not displaced by the rumen to the right side of the abdominal cavity in ruminants?~Spleen
~Small part of the reticulum (cranially)
~Small part of the abomasum (cranially) - 18Name the structure which acts as a dam separating the rumen and reticulum?Rumenoreticular fold
- 19Which structure is used as a guide for entry into the reticulum during surgery?Rumenoreticular groove
- 20—
- 21How are the dorsal and ventral internal surfaces different? Why?~Dorsal surface much smoother and ventral covered in papillae
~Ingesta comes in contact w/ventral surface (gravity) and dorsal only in contact w/gases (light so go up) so no need for large SA - 22What is the name given to the equivalent of ruminal pillars on the external surface? Why?~Ruminal groove
~Pillar "pulls" the external surface in creating a groove - 23—
- 24—
- 25—Reticulum
- 26Which structure must be penetrated for traumatic reticulitis to become traumatic pericarditis?Diaphragm
- 27Which is the only structure in the abdomen which separates the reticulum from the pericardium?Diaphragm
- 28What else can occur as a result of traumatic reticulitis besides trauma? Why?~Infection
~Ingested object likely to be dirty and possibly carrying pathogens - 29On which side of the abdominal cavity does the omasum lie?Right
- 30Between which organs does the omasum lie?Rumen and reticulum on left and liver, body wall and diaphragm on right
- 31—~Crescentic laminae
~Omasum
- 32What is the main function of the omasum?Water absorption
- 33—~Rugae
~Abomasum
- 34What is the main function of the abomasum?Chemical digestion (w/acid)
- 35Where does the abomasum lie in relation to the rumen?Right apart from the fundus
- 36What is LDA/RDA an abbreviation for?Left/right abomasal disaplcement
- 37What can occur as a result of the abomasum moving to the left?It can get stuck between the rumen and the body wall
- 38What can occur as a result of the abomasum moving to the right?Can get stuck between intestines and body wall
- 39Which of the chambers does the regurgitated food used for "chewing the cud" come from? What would happen if it came from the abomasum?~Rumen
~The acid it had been mixed with in the abomasum would damage the oesophagus - 40Which type of rumen is the gastric groove especially important for?Calves on a milk-based diet
- 41In which chamber are these type of papillae found?Rumen
- 42Why does the milk consumed by calves bypass the rumen?Doesn't need to be fermented: a lot of nutrients would be lost
- 43What is the structure of the ruminoreticular (gastric/milk) groove? What is its purpose?~Two spirally twisted grooves on wall of reticulum and lesser curvature of omentum
~Take milk directly into the omasum in calves so that it is not fermented by the rumen
- 44What is the vagal reflex? How is it stimulated?~Lips of the ruminoreticular groove coming together to form a tube which allows milk to enter omasum directly from oesophagus
~Stimulated by suckling - 45How is the vagal reflex useful in adult animals?Can use it to administer drugs directly into the omasum by stimulating it (eg. drugs which use copper sulphate which stimulates vagal reflex)
- 46Into which chamber of the stomach does the milk groove extend into from the oesophagus?Abomasum
- 47Which branch of the aorta supplies the chambers of the ruminant stomach?Coeliac artery
- 48Which region of the ruminant stomach do the right and left gastric arteries follow? Which artery are these a branch of?~Lesser curvature of abomasum
~Coeliac - 49Which region of the ruminant stomach do the right and left gastroepiploic arteries follow? Which artery are these a branch of?~Greater curvature of abomasum
~Coeliac - 50Which region of the ruminant stomach do the right and left ruminal arteries follow? Which artery are these a branch of?~Longitudinal grooves of rumen
~Coeliac - 51Breifly describe the venous drainage of the ruminant stomach~Veins mirror arteries which supply stomach regions
~These drain via splenic vein into portal vein - 52What is the parasympathetic innervation of the ruminant stomach?~Dorsal vagus to rumen
~Ventral vagus to reticulum, omasum and abomasum - 53Which structure within the abdomen does the sympathetic innervation of the ruminant stomach come from? What route do these nerves take?~Coeliac plexus (coeliacomesenteric ganglion?)
~Similar to the route of the arteries - 54Which mesentery is the omasum found in?Lesser omentum
- 55Which regions of the ruminant stomach does the greater omentum have attachments to?~Greater curvature of abomasum
~Right longitudinal curve of rumen
~Left longitudinal curve of rumen
~Reticulum
~Duodenum - 56Which regions of the ruminant stomach does the lesser omentum have attachments to?~Lesser curvature of abdomen
~Porta of liver
~Greater curvature of omasum - 57Review diagram of omental attachments
- 58Which of the 4 chambers sits within the omental bursa?Ventral rumen
- 59Which GI structure can be found within the supraomental recess?Intestines
- 60Review diagram of greater omentum and omental bursa
- 61Is the greater omentum attached to the body wall cranially or caudally?Cranially
- 62—
- 63—
- 64Which side of the animal is the caecum located in ruminants?Right
- 65—
- 66Name the structure which attaches the ileum to the caecum?Ileocecal fold
- 67Review diagram
- 68—
- 69—
- 70—
- 71What is a dermatome?Area of skin innervated by each spinal nerve named after the spinal nerve immediately cranial to it (in the caudal spine)
- 72Review diagram of dermatomes
- 73Which spinal nerve is anaesthetised to prevent sensation/movement in the paralumbar fossa?T13
- 74Which spinal nerves are anaesthetised when performing a rumenotomy?T13, L1 and L2
- 75Which spinal nerves are anaesthetised when performing a caesarian?L1 and L2
- 76Which spinal nerves are anaesthetised to prevent sensation/movement in the udder?L2, L3 and L4
- 77Which vertebra is the first palpable process cranial to the tuber coxae?L5
- 78Where must anaesthetic be injected in order to anaesthetise spinal nerve T13?Cranial to transverse process of vertebra L1
- 79Where must anaesthetic be injected in order to anaesthetise spinal nerve L1?Caudal to transverse proces of L1
- 80Useful trick for remembering in which order food passes through the chambers of the ruminant stomach?Reverse alphabetical order: rumen --> reticulum --> omasum --> abomasum
- 81Which ruminant stomach chamber s immediately caudal to the diaphragm?Reticulum
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- AHS1 Alimentary and Renal Karteikarten am Ruminant Digestive Tract, erstellt von Juliette Carroll am 18/02/2019.
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- Juliette Carroll
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