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sophie gammon Children's Play and Development GCSE Englisch 98 Karten

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  1. 1What is the Apgar score?To access how well the baby is doing outside the mothers womb and whether he/she needs medical assistance. It looks at the physical condition of the baby through 5 vital signs.
  2. 2What are the 5 vital signs of the Apgar score?- Heart beat
    - Breathing
    - Muscle tone
    - Reflex response
    - Colour
  3. 3What does Apgar stand for?- Appearance (colour)
    - Pulse (Heart beat)
    - Grimace (Reflex response)
    - Activity (muscle tone)
    - Respiration (breathing)
  4. 4When is the Apgar test carried out?1 minute after birth and then at 5 minutes.
    It is repeated every 5 minutes if a problem is detected.
  5. 5What is each category of the Apgar score marked out of?2
  6. 6What is a healthy score to get?9
  7. 7Why do most babies lose a mark?Because they have blue extremities, this can last several hours after birth.
  8. 8What is an unhealthy score to get?6 or under
  9. 9Who is called if you have a score of 6 or under after 5 minutes?Paediatrician
  10. 10What does a score between 5 -7 show? What does this mean?Mild asphyxia which may need treatment.
  11. 11What does a score of 3-4 show? What does this mean?Moderate asphyxia and will certainly need treatment.
  12. 12What does a score of 0-2 show? What does this mean?Severe asphyxia and will need emergency resuscitation.
  13. 13Why can a newborn baby's skin be easily damaged?Because it is very thin.
  14. 14How long does it take for the skin to thicken and form a protective barrier?More than a month. This can be longer if the baby is premature.
  15. 15What is a baby's skin checked for?Birth marks
  16. 16What are the 3 birth marks?- Mongolian spots
    - Strawberry Marks
    - Salmon Patches (stork marks)
  17. 17What are Mongolian spots?Bluish patches of darker pigment, appearing most commonly on the bottom or on black skin. They can often be mistaken for bruises. They are harmless and usually disappear by the age of 4.
  18. 18What are Strawberry marks?These are raised marks on the skin that are usually red. They can appear anywhere on the body. They grow in the first 6 months but then shrink and usually disappear by the age of 7 years.
  19. 19What are salmon patches (stork marks)?These are flat red or pink patches that are found on the eyelids, neck or forehead at birth. They are more noticeable when the baby cries as they fill with blood and become darker. They can remain for 4 years or longer.
  20. 20What is vernix?- This is a white, waxy substance that covers a baby's skin while it is in the womb.
    - It is a natural moisturiser that provide a protective layer, to prevent infection.
    - It is absorbed naturally into the skin.
  21. 21What is Lanugo?- At around 22 weeks a baby becomes covered in lanugo.
    - This is a fine, soft hair, that usually has no colour.
    - It helps to keep the baby's body at the correct temperature.
    - It is generally shed at 7-8 months but some babies can be born with some.
  22. 22What are the reflexes?- The sucking reflex
    - The rooting reflex
    - The grasp reflex
    - The standing and waking reflex
    - The startle reflex
  23. 23What is the sucking reflex?If you gently touch the root of a baby's mouth they will make sucking motions. This motion allows them to feed.
  24. 24What is the rooting reflex?When a baby's lips or cheek is touched, the new-born will move their head; they are searching for their mother's nipple or a bottle teat so that they can feed.
  25. 25What is the grasp reflex?If you touch a baby's palm, they will grasp your finger with their fingers.
  26. 26What is the standing and walking reflex?When a baby is held upright with their feet on a firm surface, they will make stepping movements with their legs (but cannot yet take their own weight).
  27. 27What is the startle reflex?If a baby wakes suddenly or hears a loud noise, they will make a fist with their hands and move stiff arms away from their body.
  28. 28What is the definition of Pre-term?A baby born before week 37 of pregnancy.
  29. 29What has happened around week 12 of pregnancy?A baby is formed and for the remaining weeks the baby continues to grow and develop.
  30. 30What happens if a baby is born before 37 weeks?They are often not developed enough to survive outside of the womb without some medical help.
  31. 31What are premature babies likely to have?- Breathing difficulties due to undeveloped lungs.
    - A weak immune system that makes infection likely.
    - Inability to suck and swallow, and difficulty digesting milk.
    - Problems regulating body temperature.
    - Low calcium and iron levels.
    - Jaundice (yellow tinged skin) or red wrinkled skin.
    - Weak muscle tone and little movement.
    - Sealed eyes.
    - Low blood-sugar levels.
    - A head that seems large in proportion to the rest of the body.
  32. 32What do premature babies need more of?Minerals and vitamins so many are given supplements.
  33. 33Breastfeeding.Special formula milk is available also breastfeeding is better if possible.
  34. 34What happens if the baby is too weak to be fed?They will be fed by a tube into a vein called intravenous line (IV).
  35. 35What else could they be fed through?A small tube in the stomach, either via the nose and throat or through the mouth.
  36. 36What kind of immune system do premature babies have?Weak
  37. 37Give 3 examples of extra medical care that can make premature babies vulnerable to infections.- Blood tests
    - IV lines
    - Intubation tubes
  38. 38What can a bacterial infections be treated by?antibiotics
  39. 39What can a fungal infection be treated by?anti-fungal medications
  40. 40Identify a health professional who would support Abbi through her pregnancy. (1) Describe one ways in which they would support her. (2)Midwife
    Help with the delivery of the baby. They are also available for 10 days after the birth if you need any help or advice. They run the antenatal classes.
  41. 41Abbi has given birth to Chantelle. State three ways that Mark could support Abbi in the first few weeks after giving birth.- Do the housework, (e.g cooking, cleaning) so the mother can rest and recover from labour.
    - Put the baby back to sleep so the mother can get some sleep.
    - Help bath and change the baby to bond with the baby.
  42. 42What is the definition of conception?The egg is fertilised by one sperm
  43. 43What is the definition of implantation?The fertilised egg is embedded in the uterus wall.
  44. 44State two advantages and two disadvantages of the contraceptive injection?Advantages:
    - Can take in advance.
    - Can protect against some cancers and infections
    Disadvantages:
    - Can take up to a year for fertility to return to normal
    - If used on its own, does not protect against STI's.
  45. 45What is antenatal?before birth
  46. 46What is the meaning of post-natal?This means after the birth
  47. 47Why is a support system needed?After you have had a baby, there is lots of excitement but also a lot of change. This can be hard for new parents and siblings.
  48. 48What does post-natal provision include?- 6-8 week review by a health visitor or doctor.
    - Advice and support from midwives, GP's and health visitors.
    - Support from the father / partner.
    - Support from friends and family.
  49. 49Why is the fathers role significant?Often the father is the closest person to the new mother.
  50. 50As well as bonding with the baby, what does the father need to do?- He needs to spend time with any siblings so they feel included.
    - He will need to support the mother especially in the early days when she is also still recovering from giving birth.
  51. 51How can the father support the mother whilst she is recovering from birth?- feeding the baby if they are bottle feeding.
    - Doing the household chores such as the shopping, cooking etc.
    - Taking the baby or older siblings out so that mum can rest.
  52. 52Why should the family and friends help?A new baby can put a strain on the relationship between mother and father.
  53. 53How can the family and friends help after the birth?- Practical help such as bringing round meals, doing the washing up etc.
    - Advice such as sharing child care tips.
    - Look after baby or siblings for an hour whilst you rest.
  54. 54What is the most helpful way family and friends can help after the birth?- Advice such as sharing child care tips.
  55. 55Who is the first person you would go to if the baby or mother is feeling unwell.A GP.
  56. 56Who carries out the postnatal 6 week check after birth?The GP
  57. 57What do you have a postnatal 6 week check after birth?This is to check that the mother feels well physically and mentally and is recovering well after birth.
  58. 58Who give all families support from birth up to 5 years of age?Health visitors
  59. 59Why do you have a health visitor?They are there to make sure their child is developing healthily and normally and to support the parent.
  60. 60What is the 6 - 8 week health visitor or doctor review?This check repeats the baby's newborn physical examination.
  61. 61What could the mother be asked at a 6 - 8 week health visitor or doctor review?- Questions regarding her mental well being
    - Questions as to whether she has had a period since her birth
    - A blood pressure check
    - Examination of stitches
    - Questions regarding contraceptive
    - Weighed if overweight
  62. 62What basic conditions / procedures do parents need to provide to ensure their child successfully thrives, develops and grow?- Safe environment
    - Love and security
    - Primary care needs
    - Exercise and fresh air
    - Cleanliness
    - Stimulation / Opportunities to play
    - Opportunities to listen and talk
    - Routine - bedtime, bath time and feeding
    - Awareness of SIDS
    - Discipline and behaviour boundaries
  63. 63Why should the parents provide love and security?Children will feel more emotionally secure if they know that they are wanted, loved and nurtured.
  64. 64Why should parents provide warmth?Parent can do this through correct clothing, bedding, using thermometers in the nursery to get the correct temperature etc. It helps a child to feel safe and looked after.
  65. 65Why should parents provide rest and sleep?This makes sure your child has energy ready for the day. They need this to grow, develop and process information.
  66. 66Why should parents provide exercise and fresh air?This helps to build fitness, robustness and helps strong development.
  67. 67Why should parents provide cleanliness?A child's immune system is lower than an adults, therefore it is important that toys etc. are kept clean to prevent spread of germs. Hygiene is important.
  68. 68Why should parents provide stimulation and play?Through playing with other children, they learn to develop physically, intellectually and emotionally. E.g. how to share, how to follow rules etc.
  69. 69Why should parents provide the ability to talk and listen?Conversation builds vocabulary and understanding or language. It also shows your child that you value them and are interested in what they want to tell you.
  70. 70Why should parents provide routines (bedtime, bath time, feeding)?These help a child to feel safe and secure. It allows them to learn what is coming next and get prepared prepared for that e.g. a warm bath means its bed time soon.
  71. 71Why should parents provide discipline?Children need to learn how to behave in socially acceptable ways and parents should model this for their children.
  72. 72What are the reasons for routines?- Helps to calm and soothe the child - warm water can help do this at bath time.
    - Allows bonding time (e.g. cuddle and reading a book before bed, playing in the bath etc).
    - Creates sense of security - routines help baby to become part of family life.
    - Hygiene and health - bath time, feeding, getting enough sleep.
    - Fun and enjoyment - blowing bubbles in the bath, games at feeding time.
    - Interaction - positive interaction between child and carer.
  73. 73What routines can carers or parents use at bath times?- Play with favourite bath toys.
    - Have bubbles.
    - Read a story after the bath.
    - Put your towel on the radiator so it is cosy when you come out.
  74. 74What routines can carers or parents use at bed time?- Warm bath before bed.
    - Warm drink.
    - Read a story together.
    - Lots of cuddles and kisses.
    - Special night time cuddly toy.
    - Night light.
    - Keep door slightly open.
  75. 75What routines can carers or parents use at feeding?- Use favourite bowl, plate, cups etc.
    - Washing hands before eating.
    - Sit at dinner table / sit in high chair at the dinner table.
    - Use bibs.
  76. 76What can parents and carers do to promote good behaviour?- Be a good / positive role model.
    - Be consistent.
    - Use lots of praise to reinforce good behaviour.
    - Explain why a behaviour is not acceptable.
  77. 77Why do parents create rules? Give an example.For the safety of the child.
    E.g. Holding hands to cross the road.
  78. 78Why is it important to explain these rules to children?So they understand as they grow up how to keep themselves safe.
  79. 79What is the best way to stop inappropriate behaviour?Promoting positive behaviour.
  80. 80What is the easiest way to praise a child? What will praise do for a child?Verbal praise is the easiest to give. Praise will help a child to feel proud of themselves and more likely to repeat that behaviour again. Using lots of praise helps these behaviour to become 'the norm'.
  81. 81What is a good way of providing praise?Sticker reward charts
  82. 82What should children be set? What should they be told?Set boundaries.
    Told what they can and can't do.
  83. 83How can the parents make discipline effective?Both parents must be consistent with the rules.
  84. 84How do you help your child to think through a situation?By explaining why a particular behaviour is unacceptable.
  85. 85What must parents teach their children to be towards others? Give an example.How to be kind and show consideration towards others.
    E.g. sharing their toys, talking turns, following the rules in a game etc.
  86. 86Why is teaching children how to be kind towards others hard?Because children naturally think of their own feelings first.
  87. 87How can you help a child to be kind towards others?Through lots of role modelling and talking through the situation.
  88. 88Why is cleanliness an important condition for development?Children have sensitive / not fully developed immune systems, so its very easy for them to get ill.
  89. 89What are the physical checks?- Weight
    - Length
    - Head Circumference
    - Fontanelle
    - Eyes
    - Mouth
    - Feet
    - Fingers
    - Hips
  90. 90Weight ....Recorded on centile chart so it can be checked regularly.
    Average weight of new born baby 2.7 - 4.7 kg (6-9lb).
    Normal for babies to lose weight in first few days.
  91. 91Length ….Recorded on centile chart so it can be checked regularly, average length 50 - 53 cm.
  92. 92Head circumference measured ….Average head circumference is 35 cm - used to track baby's development.
    Shape of baby's head assessed / maybe squashed because of birth.
  93. 93Fontanelle ….2 soft spots on babies head where bones haven't fused together, checked for signals of abnormalities.
  94. 94Eyes ….Check for problems and cataracts.
  95. 95Mouths ….Check to see root of mouth is complete and baby can suck.
  96. 96Feet ….Checked for webbing, toes counted, check for club feet.
  97. 97Fingers ….Counted and checked for webbing, palms checked for 2 creases across them.
    1 creases sometimes associated with Drowns syndrome.
  98. 98Hips ….Checked for developmental dysplasia of the hips, problems with hip joints.

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Beschreibung
GCSE Children's Play and Development (Theory cue cards) Karteikarten am LO3 - , erstellt von sophie gammon am 24/04/2019.
Erstellt von
sophie gammon
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