Karteikarten
Introduction to Psychology Exam 1
Karten in diesem Stapel (74)
- 1Scientific Methodsystematic approach scientists to acquire knowledge and understanding
- 2Correlation Co-efficientfrom -1 to 1, the strength and directional relationship between two variables.
- 3Case Studyan in-depth investigation of an individual/small group
- 4Positive Correlationindicates if one variable increases another will increase value
- 5Negative Correlationindicates that if one variable increases value another will decrease
- 6Survey Methodsample is chosen to represent a larger population and ask a series of questions
- 7Independent Variablevariable manipulated by an experiment
- 8Dependent Variablevariable measured in an experiment expected to change as a result of the experimenter's manipulation of the independent variable
- 9Control Grouppeople randomly assigned to receive no treatment
- 10Naturalistic Observationobserving without manipulation
- 11Placebo"drug" that contains no chemical properties or active ingredients
- 12Populationgroup of people you want to observe for an experiment
- 13Samplepeople chosen from population that you want to observe in an experiment
- 14Statistically Significantmeaningful result that makes it possible for researchers to feel confident that they have confirmed their hypothesis
- 15Experimentinvestigation of a relationship between 2+ variables by deliberately producing a change in one variable in a situation and observing the effects of that change on the other aspects of the situation
- 16Neuronsnerve cells basic element of nervous system
- 17Axonpart of neuron that carries message destined for other neurons
- 18Myelin Sheathprotective coating of fat and protein that wraps around axon
- 19Synapsespace between two neurons where nerves communicate with each other via chemical messages
- 20Neurotransmitterschemicals that carry messages between neurons across the synapse
- 21Limbic Systempart of the brain that controls eating, aggression, and reproduction
- 22Cerebellumpart of the brain that controls bodily balance and is involved in analysis of sensory information and problem solving
- 23Aphasiaa problem with language caused by injuries in the association area of the brain
- 24Somatic Divisionassociated with skeletal, muscle, and voluntary control of the body movements
- 25Central Nervous Systemassociated with the brain and spinal cord
- 26Autonomic Divisionincludes sympathetic and parasympathetic
- 27Sympathetic Nervous Systemfight or flight response
- 28Parasympathetic Nervous Systemcalms the body
- 29Peripheral Nervous Systemconsists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord
- 30Thalamusrelay center for the nervous system
- 31Broca's Centerlanguage
- 32Hypothalamusregulates basic biological needs
- 33Hippocampus/Amygdalapart of limbic system
- 34Corpus Callosumfibers that pass information between two cerebral hemispheres
- 35Frontal Lobemotor area and Broca's area
- 36Parietal Lobesomatosensory area and association area
- 37Temporal Lobeauditory area and association area, Wernicke area
- 38Occipital Lobevisual area and association area
- 39Trichromatic Theory of VisionYoung-Helmholtz, Three kinds of cones in the retina that respond to specific range of wave lengths
- 40Opponent-process Theorycolor theory that states that the human visual system interprets information about color by processing signals from cones and rods in an antagonistic manner
- 41Monocular Cuesdepth perception and distance with one eye
- 42Binocular Cuesdepth perception and distance with two eyes
- 43Sensationthe activity of the sense organs by a source of physical energy
- 44Perceptionthe sorting out and interpretation analysis and integration of stimuli by the sense organs and brain
- 45Gestalt Theory(laws of organization) principles that focus on how we organize information in a whole
(closure, proximity, similarity, simplicity) - 46Colorblindnessthe world looks quite dull, red looks yellow, unable to tell difference between yellow and blue
- 47Absolute Thresholdsmallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for it to be detected
- 48What causes blind spot?area of the eye where no rods and cones are present
- 49Sensory Adaptationoccurs when sensory receptors change their sensitivity to the stimulus
- 50Selective Attentioninvolves filtering out irrelevant information around us and focusing on the things that demand our attention
- 51Müller-Lyer illusionarrow illusion where one arrow looks longer than the other based on its extensions pointing inward or outward
- 52Rodscylindrical receptors that are highly sensitive to light
- 53Conescone shaped light sensitive receptor cells that are responsible for sharp focus and color perception particularly in bright light
- 54Parapsychologistfield of study of paranormal and psychic phenomena
- 554 Taste Sensations & 1 Newsour, salty, sweet, bitter, and savory (umami)
- 56In-attentional Blindnesspsychological lack of attention, not associated with vision defects/deficits
- 57Transductiontransformation/transportation from one form/place to another
- 58Parts of the Eyecornea, lens, retina, fovea
- 59Retinanerve fibers, connection neurons (ganglion cell, bipolar cell), receptor cells (cones and rods)
- 60Frequency Theorytheory that the entire basilar membrane acts as a microphone vibrating as a whole in response to sound
- 61Olfactory Cellsreceptor neurons of the nose, spread across the nasal cavity
- 62Color Constancyhuman color perception, system that ensures the perceived color remains relatively constant under different lighting conditions
- 63Perceptual Setidea that perception as an active process involving selection interference and interpretation
- 64Sleep Stage 1transition between wakefulness and sleep, relatively rapid and low amplitude rain waves
- 65Sleep Stage 2deeper that one, slower more regular wave pattern, momentary interruption of "sleep spindles"
- 66Sleep Stage 3slower brain waves, greater peaks and valleys of brain waves than stage 3
- 67Sleep Stage 4deepest stage; least responsive to stimuli
- 68REM20% of adult sleep, increased heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate, erections, eye movement, and dreams
- 69InsomniaDifficulty sleeping
- 70Freuds Theory of Dreamsassociating symbols with events in the past, certain symbols have universal meaning
- 71Narcolepsyuncontrollable sleeping that occurs for short periods when person is awake
- 72Sleep Apneadifficulty sleeping and breathing
- 73Night Terrorssudden awakening from non REM sleep accompanied by fear, panic, and physiological arousal
- 74Hypnosistrans-like state of heightened susceptibility to suggestions of others
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- Beschreibung
- First four chapters of intro to psych flashcards
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- Sarah Sulzle
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