Karteikarten
Ohne Titel
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1define crime statisticsquantitative data used to measure and analyse the rate, distribution, patterns and trends in crime and victimisation- Mcfarquahar
- 2two main sources of statisticsofficial and unofficial
- 3define official statisticscrimes recorded by the police
- 4define unofficial statisticsdirect reports of criminal acts collected in surveys
e.g. self-report studies and victimisation studies - 53 problems with looking at crime trends1. trends can only be short-term
2. crime definitions can change
3. recording practices can change - 6describe the issue of crime trends being short-termnot meaningful, doesnt show the big picture.
e.g. 'theft rose by 11% in the last year' - 7describe the issue that crime definitions can changelegislative changes may alter what is considered a crime; therefore acts might mistakably be recorded/ unrecorded.
- 8describe the issue of recording practices changing over timepeople's willingness to report a crime can change over time e.g. domestic abuse/rape used to be seen as shameful so often not reported.
means trends are not likely to be representative of all cases, as some acts go unreported. - 9three r's in order for a crime to become an official statisticcrime needs to be:
1. recognised
2. reported
3. recorded
(Carrabine et al.) - 10what official statistics tell uscharacteristics of offender/victim and context of the crime:
- demographics (age and sex)
- nature of incident (weapon use and location)
- relationships (parties known or strangers)
- outcomes of police investigations - 11what official statistics cannot tell us- dark figure of crime (crimes unreported or unrecorded)
- crimes recorded by other organisations e.g. fraud - 12describe the 'dark figure of crime'- crimes which are unreported or unrecorded
- this is bigger sum than recorded offences
- e.g. white collar crime, sexual/domestic abuse - 13strengths of official statistics- detailed records
- freely available/ easy to access
- provides indication of crime trends - 14limitations of official statistics- only indicates crimes which are recorded
- statistics can be easily manipulated to provide support for a particular point of view - 15define crime victimisation surveys- attempts to reveal the dark figure of crime
- victims asked to record their experiences of crimes - 16crime survey for england and walesincludes a representative sample of the population (35,000 households) to gain an understanding of experiences and perceptions of the entire population.
- used face-to-face interviews with self- completion sections to reveal the dark figure of crime - 17purposes of crime surveys (Sparks et al.)1. estimate gap between reported and unreported crime
2. assess public attitudes of reporting; therefore crime and policing
3. provide insight into nature of crime victims
4. direct our attention to experiences wich are otherwise ignore d - 18notable exclusions from victimisation surveys- 'victimless' offences e.g. possession of drugs
- crimes where victim cannot report e.g. murder
- sensitive crimes e.g. sexual or domestic abuse - 19social construction of unofficial statistics1. individual must recognise they have been victimised
2. victim must feel comfortable enough to report incident to interviewer
3. interviewer must record incident as an offence (may record different) - 20strengths of unofficial statistics- uncover the 'dark figure' of crime
- provides good understanding of crime trends within populations (long-term)
acknowledges the broader picture of crime - 21limitations of unofficial statistics- reflects number of crimes, not number of offences
- lacks context e.g. demographics etc.
- sample sizes relatively small
- cant verify the respondents statements. honest? memories correct?
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Understanding crime and victimisation Karteikarten am Ohne Titel, erstellt von sophie cons am 09/01/2020.
- Erstellt von
- sophie cons
- Aufrufe
- 0
- Bewertung