Karteikarten
Imaging Performance and Lab Accreditation
Karten in diesem Stapel (61)
- 1QC is also known asQuality Assurance (QA)
- 2• Routine, periodic evaluation of the sonography equipment and transducer to produce the best image quality possible • Making sure that everything and everyone in the department is functioning at the highest level possible to produce the best quality of work • Ultimately the responsibility of the sonographerQuality Control
- 3• Testing image performance of all US units and transducers • Check expiration dates • Schedule preventative maintenance • Minimum of twice a year per accreditation • Must document any PM or service • Compliance in record keeping/reportsQC/QA
- 4• Clean US machine filters regularly • Cross reference radiology, surgery and other reports with US findings • Do statistical analysis comparing exams with Gold standards • Cleaning transvaginal and TEE probes properly and within the guidelinesQC/QA
- 5Testing US Performance *includes :2D and Doppler instruments
- 62 groups of testing devices:• Devices that test the imaging performance
• Devices that measure the acoustic output - 7• Considers the entire operation of the instrument *how the US unit and transducers are performing, anatomic imaging and flow performance • Important for evaluating the instrument as a diagnostic toolDevices that test the imaging performance
- 8• Pressure, power and intensity • Considers only the beam former and transducer working together as the “instrument” • Important when considering bioeffects and safetyDevices that test the acoustic output
- 9Imaging Performance Determined by measuring primarily the following parameters:• Detail resolution
• Contrast resolution
• Penetration and dynamic range
• TGC operation
• Accuracy of depth and distance measurement - 10Two different devices are used for testing image performance:• Tissue equivalent phantoms (TE Phantom)
• Test objects - 11• Use these today to evaluate • Made of graphite gel or urethane rubber • Typically contain anechoic areas and nylon fibers • May also contain cones or cylinders that appear hyper/hypoechoic • Have built in tissue characteristicsTE Phantom
- 12TE Phantom • Have built in tissue characteristics:• scattering
• attenuation
• prop speed-1540 m/s
• echogenicity - 13• Do not simulate tissue • Usually water filled to conduct sound • 3 typesTest Objects
- 14Test Objects 3 types:*Beam Profile Slice Thickness test object
*Particle Image ResolutionTest Object (PIRTO)
*AIUM 100mm Test Object - 15• Shows beam width within and perpendicular to the scan plane *section thickness • Used to evaluate elevational resolutionBeam Profile Slice Thickness Test Object
- 16a type of test object that • Shows detail resolutionParticle Image Resolution Test Object (PIRTO)
- 17• First imaging performance device made • .75 mm diameter stainless steel rods • Fluid filled • Propagation speed of 1.54 mm/µs at room temperature • Does not evaluate tissue/grayscale • Evaluates accuracy of the systemAIUM 100 mm Test Object
- 18what type of fluid is involved with AIUM 100 mm Test Objectalcohol, water and algae inhibitor
- 19Performance Measurements:• Sensitivity (Minimum and Normal)
• Axial resolution
• Lateral resolution
• Depth calibration (Range Accuracy)
• Dead zone - 20• Smallest amount of gain required to visualize a pin located deep into the test objectMinimum Sensitivity
- 21• Setting the gain to visualize ALL the pinsNormal Sensitivity
- 22• Spacing between the rods varies at 5,4,3,2,1 mm from top to bottom • If 5 of 6 rods are imaged , axial resolution is 2mm • The smallest separation between rods= ________Axial Resolution
- 23AR is evaluated when pins are _____ to the beamparallel
- 24AR you scan rod group ______ from side ____B from A
- 25• Spacing between the rods varies at 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 3 mmLateral Resolution
- 26• If the last two rods are distinguished, lateral resolution is _____3mm
- 27LR is evaluated when pins are _____ to the sound beamperpendicular
- 28LR scan rod group _____ from side _______C from E
- 29• Checks the ability to accurately measure distances • Rods are equally spaced 20 mm apart • Placing calipers at the first and last rod, the distance should be 10 cmDepth Calibration (Range Accuracy)
- 30A difference of +/- _____ indicates defective depth calibration2 mm
- 31To evaluate ______ the distances of the reflections on the display are compared to the actual distances on the test objectdepth
calibration - 32depth calibration vertically scan rod group ___ from side _____E from A
- 33depth calibration horizontally (perpendicular to beam) scan rod group _____ from side ______D from A
- 34• This test is used to determine near field resolution • Refers to the portion of the beam closest to the transducer face in which imaging cannot be performed • Rods are located 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm from the surface of the test object • The depth of the rod that can be imaged closest to the surface indicatesDead Zone
- 35Dead Zone scan rod group ____ from side _____A from A
- 36• Sensitivity (Minimum and Normal) • Axial resolution • Lateral resolution • Depth calibration (Range Accuracy) • Dead zone can all be tested with what:Test Object or TE Phantom
- 37______ can also evaluate compensation, penetration, dynamic range and dynamic focusingTE Phantoms
- 38Testing Doppler Performance Useful for testing:• Penetration of the Doppler beam
• Accuracy of the SV location
• Accuracy of flow speeds
• Ability to discriminate between flow direction - 39Types commonly used to test Doppler performance:• Doppler Flow phantom
• String test object (Vibrating String)
• Moving belt phantoms - 40• Checks accuracy of flow speeds on spectral analysisString Test Object
- 41• Tissue characteristics and flow mimicking liquid • Contains a pump that forces fluid through “vessels” • Tests the accuracy of PW, CW and color flowFlow Phantom
- 42• Normally performed by engineers or physicists, not sonographers • The device used is a hydrophone, also called a microprobe • A hydrophone is usedTesting Acoustic Output
- 43when Testing Acoustic Output A hydrophone is used in forms of*a small transducer element mounted on the end of a large
hollow needle
*a large piezoelectric membrane made of polyvinylidene
fluoride (PVDF) - 44• The hydrophone is attached to an ______ for displayoscilloscope
- 45• The hydrophone is attached to an oscilloscope for display • From the display, calculations for period, PRP and pulse duration can be made • From these calculations, frequency, PRF and duty factor can be determinedTesting Acoustic Output
- 46• Pressure, amplitude, wavelength, SPL and intensity can also be calculated • Intensity outputs are measured as SPTA intensity (mW/cm2 ) important to evaluate output/intensities to make sure safe • Lowest output intensity is real-time (2D) and highest is CW spectral Doppler *M mode, color Doppler and PW Doppler are in betweenTesting Acoustic Output
- 47• Method of self evaluation for improving and strengthening ultrasound practice • Participation in accreditation is voluntary • Accreditation is a peer review processLab Accreditation
- 48Why is lab accreditation important?• Sets a minimum standard
• Recognizable standard
• Improves patient care quality
• Voluntary involvement may deter federal regulation - 49Who offers accreditation?• American College of Radiology (ACR)
• Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC)
• American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) - 50what areas are under American College of Radiology (ACR):• Obstetrics
• Gynecology
• General (abdomen)
• Vascular
• Breast (diagnostic and interventional) - 51Sonographer Criteria ACR• RDMS or eligible
• Must be RDMS by renewal for accreditation
• At least 1 RVT if applying for vascular accreditation - 52IAC-Vascular areas include:• Extracranial Cerebrovascular
• Intracranial Cerebrovascular
• Peripheral Venous
• Peripheral Arterial
• Visceral Vascular - 53Sonographer Criteria IAC-Vascular• RDMS or eligible
• Must be RDMS by renewal for accreditation
• Technical directors must be RVT - 54IAC-Echocardiography focused areas:• Adult Echo
• Adult TEE
• Adult Stress
• Pediatric Echo
• Pediatric TEE
• Fetal Echo - 55Sonographer Criteria IAC-Echo• RDMS or eligible
• Must be RDMS by renewal for accreditation - 56IAC has what to areas of focusvascular and echo
- 57AIUM areas of focus:• Obstetrical
• Gynecological
• Abdominal/General
• Breast
• Dedicated Thyroid/Parathyroid
• Dedicated Musculoskeletal
• Fetal Echo
• Urologic - 58Sonographer Criteria AIUM• RDMS or eligible
• Must be RDMS by next accreditation renewal
• Should be credentialed in all areas requesting accreditation - 59these are required for what? • requirements for Medical Director, Technical Director and Technical Staff • Protocol requirements • Volume requirements • Correlation and peer/physician review requirementsAccreditation
- 60Making sure that everything and everyone in the department is functioning at the highest level possible to produce the best quality workQuality Control-Accreditation
- 61• Testing image performance on all US units and transducers • Testing processor operation • Check expiration dates • Schedule preventative maintenance with manufacturers • Clean US machine filters regularly • Cross reference with radiology, surgery…. • Do statistical analysis comparing exams with gold standards •requires regular, periodic documentationQuality Control-Accreditation
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Cardiovascular Sonography (Sonographic Physics and Instrumentation 2) Karteikarten am Imaging Performance and Lab Accreditation, erstellt von Autumn Kilbarger am 24/02/2020.
- Erstellt von
- Autumn Kilbarger
- Aufrufe
- 2
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