Karteikarten
Philosophy Exam
Karten in diesem Stapel (53)
- 1DeductionAll men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is a mortal.
- 2InductionIt has rained everyday on January 1st in Hawaii for the past several years. Therefore, it will rain next year on that day as well.
- 3Law of non-contradiction1. It is raining outside.
2. It is not raining outside. - 4Cogito Ergo SumI think therefore I am
- 5RationalismRationalism is a branch of philosophy where the validity of an idea is determined by logic, rather than religious means
- 6Empiricismknowledge that only comes from the senses
- 7Socratic Methodasking someone questions to make them prove themselves wrong
- 8Mind-Independent Realitythe world that exists without our mind (depth)
- 9Mind Dependent Realityworld that requires our mind to exists (colour, taste, temperature)
- 10Noumenal World(same as mind-independent)
- 11Phenomenal World(same as mind dependent)
- 12A prioriprior knowledge
- 13A posterioriDependent on experience: learned knowledge
- 14Rationalismdescartes and kant validity of idea is determined by logic all knowledge can be understood by a process of reasoning without external forces
- 15Free Willno physical or social constraints
- 16Empiricismknowledge comes from experience, experience is information that comes from our senses
- 17Dualismmind and body are different substances that make up reality, ghost in the machine
- 18idealismphysical reality is an illusion, mental reality is what is real, people have a common conscious
- 19materialismonly reality is the physical one, verifiable through science
- 20Atheismbelief there is no god
- 21Agnosticismlack of belief
- 22Theismat least one god
- 23Monotheismonly one god
- 24Polytheismmore than one god
- 25pantheismgod and universe are one
- 26Meditationcalm relaxation and being one with yourself
- 27Mantraa word or sound repeated to aid concentration in meditation.
- 28Interconnectednessthat everyone is connected to everything
- 29EnlightenmentAll people can think for themselves
- 30Terra Nulliusunoccupied, bare land
- 31Confirmation Biasseek out information that conforms to their pre-existing view points, and subsequently ignore information that goes against them
- 32Metaethicsfocuses on what morality itself is.
- 33Normative Ethicsinvestigates the set of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act
- 34Categorical ImperativeA moral obligation or command that is unconditionally binding
- 35Utilitarianismthe best outcome for the greatest amount of people
- 36Virtue Ethicsemphasizes the virtues, or moral character,
- 37MonismThe view that a variety of things can be explained in a single reality or substance
- 38Deontologyemphasizes duties or rules
- 39FalsificationismTheories must be able to be disproved in order to be considered scientific theory
- 40Moral Absolutismis the ethical belief that there are absolute standards against which moral questions can be judged, and that certain actions are right or wrong,
- 41Moral Relativismconcerned with the differences in moral judgments across different people and cultures.
- 42Psychological Egoismis the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest
(friends) - 43Psychological Altruismis the principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others
- 44Social Contract TheoryA social contract is an agreement between the people of a state and the government of a state. (laws)
- 45Collective Action Problemrefers to action taken together by a group of people whose goal is to enhance their status and achieve a common objective
- 46Correspondence Theory of TruthThe truth of my statement depends on whether it corresponds with a state-of-affairs that exists in reality. Cannot be true and false
- 47Coherence Theory of TruthThe truth of my proposition depends on whether it coheres (is consistent with) the rest of my beliefs
- 48Aporiastate of confusion
- 49Applied Ethicswhat people think is ethicsl
- 50Method of Doubtdoubting everything to prove you're right
- 51Evolutionary Ethicsour evolving ethics
- 52Paradigma social construct, and we want to fit in with everyone else, or other people’s views of us, so we follow them.
- 53Paradigm Shiftchanging or shifting your views