Karteikarten
Dental public health VIII (100 Flash cards)
Karten in diesem Stapel (100)
- 1examples of tertiary preventionrestoration of tooth with dental materials, crowns, and dentures
- 2definition of tertiary preventionemploys strategies to replace lost tissue through rehabilitation
- 3private DH diagnosisProvides patients' dental hygiene diagnosis
- 4Public DH diagnosisProvides community dental hygiene diagnosis to basically prioritize the needs
- 5private planningDevelops treatment plan on diagnosis, priorities and payment; measurements; selects HCW to provide care
- 6public planningDevelops a program based on analysis of data, selects appropriate labor to implement
- 7private implementationImplements self-generated treatment plan effectively; changes as needed
- 8public implementationImplements self-generated treatment plan effectively; changes as needed
- 9private evaluationEvaluates treatment via dental, gingival, periodontal evaluations
- 10public evaluationEvaluates program via index and community evaluations
- 11Which do you think is the MOST effective as a public health measure?Community Water Fluoridation
Reaches more people with very little effort
Only have to drink the water to receive the benefit - 12Oral Health in the U.SA major problem
Unmet need
Medical consequences - 13IndicesAn index is an expression of clinical observations in numeric values. It is used to describe the status of the individual or group with respect to the condition being measured.
- 14simple indexone that measures the presence or absence of a condition.
- 15cumulative indexis one that measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present. (DMFT)
- 16irreversible indexis one that measures conditions that will not change
- 17reversible indexis one that measures conditions that can be changed.
- 18purpose of patient hygiene performance (PHP)to assess the extent of biofilm and debris over a tooth surface
- 19scoring for patient hygiene performanceTeeth examined are #3 (right first molar), #8 (right central incisor), #14 (left first molar), #19 (left first molar), #24 (left central incisor), #30 (left first molar)
- 20for PHP each tooth is divided into how many sections5 sections---- vertically (M, middle, and D) horizontally (the middle section is divided into gingival, middle, and occlusal)
- 21PHP score criteria0=no debris and 1=debris definitely present
- 22how to get PHP scorespurpose of community periodontal index (CPI)
- 23CPI detailsUse same color probe as in PSR
Five codes are used to record bleeding, calculus, and pocket depth - 24CPI code 0healthy periodontal tissue, 3 mm loss of attachment
- 25CPI code 1bleeding; entire colored band visible, 4-5mm loss of attachment
- 26CPI code 2supra/sub gingival calculus present; entire colored band visible, 6-8 mm loss of attachment
- 27CPI code 34-5 mm pockets; colored band partially obscured, 9-11 mm loss of attachment
- 28CPI code 4colored band on probe not visible, 12 mm or more loss of attachment
- 29Purpose of gingival index (GI)to assess the severity of gingivitis based on color, consistency and bleeding on probing
- 30Areas examined for GISelect teeth or entire dentition
Four gingival areas (distal, facial, mesial, lingual) are examined for each tooth - 31procedure for GIUse probe to press on gingiva to determine degree of firmness
Use probe to evaluate bleeding - 32criteria for GI, 0Normal gingiva
- 33criteria for GI, 1Mild inflammation, slight color change, slight edema; no bleeding
- 34criteria for GI, 2Moderate inflammation, redness, edema, glazing; bleeding on probing
- 35criteria for GI, 3Severe inflammation, marked redness, edema, ulceration; spontaneous bleeding
- 36Indices for GIrange from 0-3.
Score 0 excellent
Score 0.1 -1.0 Good
Score 1.1 -2.0 Fair
Score 2.1 - 3.0 Poor - 37GI scoringGI for tooth: scores for each area total and divided by four
GI for individual: total scores for all teeth and divide by the number of teeth - 38Indices That Measure Dental Caries Experience: permanentDecayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT)
Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces (DMFS)
Root Caries Index (RCI) - 39Indices That Measure Dental Caries Experience: primaryDecayed, Indicated for Extraction, and Filled (def)
Decayed and Filled (df)
Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (dmft)
Decayed, Missing and Filled Surfaces (dmfs)
Early Childhood Caries (ECC)
Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) - 40purpose of DMFT and DMFSto determine total dental caries experience, past and present, by recording either the number of affected teeth or tooth surfaces.
DMFT is based on 28 teeth
DMFS is based on 128 surfaces (16 posterior teeth x 5 surfaces = 80 surfaces + 12 anterior teeth x 4 surfaces = 48) - 41teeth not counted for DMFT and DMFS3rd molars
Unerupted teeth
Congenitally missing or supernumerary teeth
Teeth removed for orthodontics/other reasons than dental caries
Teeth restored for reasons other than dental caries (trauma, bridge abutment, cosmetic) - 42The freshman class at Wakefield High School has 60 girls and 40 boys, aged 14-16. The total DMFT for the freshman class is 175. The DMFT index refers to:The adult patient
- 43If D = 35, M = 25, and F = 115, what percentage of teeth has untreated decay?20%
35 / 175 = .2 x 100 = 20% - 44The relatively high F = 115 for filled teeth indicates that this group of studentsHas access to restorative dental care
- 45Which of the following indices would be best utilized in assessing the periodontal treatment needs of a population?CPI
- 46Which of the following is indicated by the "e" component of the def indexA tooth that needs to be extracted because of decay
- 47Which preventive program is indicated for this target population?Fluoride varnish
- 48An oral hygiene program is presented to the head start children, parents and staff. Which index would be appropriate to evaluate the improvement in the children's oral hygiene as a result of the program.OHI-S, PHP, and PII
- 49Fee for servicemost common practice sets fees patient or 3rd party pay fee
- 50Capitationdental provider contracts with a program to provide all or most services to subscribers in return for payment on a per capita basis
- 51Copaymentportion of the cost of service that a patient pays
- 52Government role in fundingFederal
State
Local
Total for dental care is approximately 4% - 53Medicaid Dental CoverageTitle 19 of the Social Security Act distributes funds to states for provision of dental services to the indigent (LA under age of 21)
- 54Medicare pays for....limited services for population aged 65+ (LA oral maxillofacial needs related to a medical condition or denture only program)
- 55Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN)Introduced by WHO to evaluate periodontal disease in population surveys
Still no uniform criteria for assessment of periodontal disease and it is unclear whether this group of diseases represents a growing, stable or declining problem.
Underestimation of periodontitis may not only adversely affect treatment recommendations and public health strategies - 56Community Periodontal Index for Treatment NeedsSpecifically designed periodontal probe is used for exam utilizing specifically designated teeth. Highest score for each sextant is used for treatment recommendations
- 57CPITN, 00 healthy; no signs of perio disease (OHI)
- 58CPITN, 11 gingival bleeding after gentle probing (OHI)
- 59CPITN, 22 Supra and/or sub calculus (OHI and scaling)
- 60CPITN, 33 perio pockets of 4-5 mm (OHI, scaling)
- 61CPITN, 44 perio pockets >= 6mm (complex perio therapy)
- 625 dimensional modelPeople are multidimensional and each needs specific input from the environment for complete development of the individual
- 63the 5 dimensions of dimensional modelphysical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual
- 64explain physical dimensionFood vs poor nutrition, toothbrush vs no dental care
- 65explain emotional dimensionTrust vs mistrust, fear of dental provider
- 66explain mental dimensionKnowledge vs ignorance
- 67explain social dimensionInteraction with people vs withdrawal; inadequate communication skills
- 68explain spiritual dimensionValues and morality vs no value for dental health
- 69the health belief model suggests:that in order to display a readiness to take action to avoid a disease or act in a preventative manner, an individual needs to believe that he is susceptible or vulnerable, the disease has serious consequences, the behavior is beneficial, and it is important.
- 70Summary of Health Belief ModelPerceived susceptibility
Perceived seriousness
Beneficial
Salience (relevant) - 71transtheoretical modelsimilar to the stages of learning model
- 72in the trantheoretical model how many stagesFive stages of change through which a person must travel before achieving a desired state
- 73what are the stages of transtheoretical modelsPre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance - 74Social Cognitive Theory or Self-efficacy TheoryPostulates that knowledge, behavior, and environment act in a reciprocal manner to continually affect each other. One's personal actions will have an impact on the desired outcome.
- 75Social Cognitive Theory or Self-efficacy Theory reinforces:the belief that social pressure is the most powerful factor influencing social norms.
- 76social cognitive theory triangle:behavior, environment, and cognitive & factors
- 77Extension of social learning theory that emphasizes:personal actions
- 78Self-efficacy is the belief that:personal actions will affect outcomes
- 79Self-efficacy is gained asinformation, behavior, and environment interact in a reciprocal manner
- 80As self-efficacy increasesindividuals plan for contingencies, and persevere through difficulties
- 81what does cognitive domain describebehavior (knowledge and thinking skills)
- 82what does cognitive domain representintellectual skills and verbs describing this domain are more abstract
- 83what does psychomotor domain describeaction (physical skills)
- 84what does affective domain describe?feelings (beliefs, attitudes, and values)
- 85out of cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains which is not easily measuredaffective
- 86what are the stages of dental process of careassessment, dental hygiene diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation
- 87name some of the cognitive verbscollect, contrast, classify, compare, describe, diagnosis, design, explain, indicate, label, list, show, recognize, record, solve
- 88name some of the verbs used in psychomotor domainbrush, floss, clean, identify, detect, irrigate, disinfect, demonstrate, measure, probe, screen, sterilize, eat, exercise, experiment
- 89verbs used in affective domainadvocate, assess, believe, challenge, debate, defend, discuss,deduct, evaluate, judge, lead, live out, persuade, suggest, value
- 90in the DH process of care what does the assessment part identifytarget populations, interests, and abilities
- 91in the DH process of care what does the assessment part assessresources, dental status, and dental knowledge
- 92in the DH process of care what does the diagnosis have to do with the assessmentit formulates findings from assessment
- 93in the DH process of care the diagnosis does whatprioritize goals and Identify needs that can be accomplished through dental hygiene education
- 94in the DH process of care the planning does whatBroad goal formulation
Specific objectives
Select teaching method - 95define goalbroad statements that reflect the final outcome that is expected from the target population
- 96define objectiveincludes a specific, observable action/behavior that a learner is to perform or exhibit
- 97define health promotionis a process that informs and motivates people to adopt health behaviors to enhance their health and prevent disease
- 98define health educationis instruction regarding health behaviors that bring an individual to a state of health awareness
- 99define competenceoccurs when an individual masters a skill
- 100define motivationwill of the individual to act is an important factor in learning
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