Karteikarten
Hand
Karten in diesem Stapel (104)
- 1What are the two eminences of the hand?1. Thenar eminence
2. Hypothenar eminence - 2Where is fascia of the palm thick?Over central concavity where it forms the palmar aponeurosis, and over fingers where it forms the digital sheaths
- 3Where do the digital bands of the palmar aponeurosis attach?Bases of proximal phalanges, becoming continuous with digital sheaths
- 4What are the digital sheaths?Ligamentous tubes that enclose the flexor tendons and synovial sheaths around the tendons
- 5Where is the medial fibrous septum located?Between the medial border of the palmar aponeurosis and the 5th metacarpal.
- 6What is the significance of the medial fibrous septum?Forms hypothenar compartment medial to the septum that contains hypothenar muscles.
- 7Where is the lateral fibrous septum located?Between lateral border of palmar aponeurosis and 3rd metacarpal
- 8What is the significance of the lateral fibrous septum?Forms thenar compartment lateral to it, containing thenar muscles
- 9What compartment is found deep to the palmar aponeurosis?Central compartment
- 10What does the central compartment contain?Flexor tendons and associated sheaths.
Lumbrical muscles.
Superficial palmar arterial arch.
Digital vessels and nerves. - 11What is the deepest compartment of the palm? Where is it located?Adductor compartment.
Located deep to the thenar compartment. - 12What are the two potential spaces found within the palm? Where are they located?1. Midpalmar space = deep to central compartment
2. Thenar space = deep to thenar compartment - 13What muscles are found in the thenar compartment?1. Abductor pollicis brevis
2. Flexor pollicis brevis
3. Opponens pollicis - 14What muscles are found in the hypothenar compartment?1. Abductor digiti minimi
2. Flexor digiti minimi brevis
3. Opponens digiti minimi - 15What muscles are found in the adductor compartment?Adductor pollicis
- 16What muscles are found in the central compartment?1. Long flexor tendons
2. Lumbricals - 17What muscles are found in the interosseous compartments?Interossei
- 18What muscles allow abduction of the thumb?1. Abductor pollicis longus
2. Abductor pollicis brevis - 19What muscles allow adduction of the thumb?1. Adductor pollicis
2. 1st dorsal interosseous - 20What muscles allow extension of the thumb?1. Extensor pollicis longus
2. Extensor pollicis brevis
3. Abductor pollicis longus - 21What muscles allow flexion of the thumb?1. Flexor pollicis longus
2. Flexor pollicis brevis - 22What muscles allow opposition?Opponens pollicis
- 23Describe the movement of opposition?Begins with extension of the thumb and initially involves abduction and medial rotation of the 1st metacarpal produced by the opponens pollicis. There is then flexion at the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint using flexor pollicis brevis. Action of adductor pollicis and flexor pollicis longus increase the pressure the thumb can exert on the fingers.
- 24What is the proximal attachment of opponens pollicis?Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium.
- 25What is the distal attachment of opponens pollicis?Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
- 26What nerve innervates opponens pollicis?Recurrent branch of median nerve C8, T1
- 27What is the action of opponens pollicis?Opposes thumb, rotates thumb medially towards palm.
- 28What is the proximal attachment of abductor pollicis brevis?Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium.
- 29What is the distal attachment of abductor pollicis brevis?Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb.
- 30What nerve innervates abductor pollicis brevis?Recurrent branch of median nerve C8, T1
- 31What is the action abductor pollicis brevis?Abducts thumb, helps initially in opposition
- 32What is the proximal attachment of flexor pollicis brevis?Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium.
- 33What is the distal attachment of flexor pollicis brevis?Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- 34What nerve innervates flexor pollicis brevis?Recurrent branch of median nerve C8, T1
- 35What is the action of flexor pollicis brevis?Flexes thumb
- 36What is the proximal attachment of adductor pollicis?Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpals
Transverse head: Anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal - 37What is the distal attachment of adductor pollicis?Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- 38What nerve innervates adductor pollicis?Deep branch of ulnar nerve C8, T1
- 39What is the action of adductor pollicis?Adducts thumb towards lateral border of pain
- 40Where is the palmaris brevis located?Superficial to the hypothenar compartment within the subcutaneous tissue. It extends from the medial border of the palmar aponeurosis to the skin on the medial side of the hand.
- 41What is the function of palmaris brevis?Wrinkles skin of hypothenar compartment, deepening the hollow of the palm aiding palmar grip. Also protects ulnar nerve and artery.
- 42What is the proximal attachment of abductor digiti minimi?Pisiform
- 43What is the distal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi?Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
- 44What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?Deep branch of ulnar nerve C8, T1
- 45What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?Abducts 5th digit, assists in flexion of proximal phalanx
- 46What is proximal attachment of flexor digiti minimi brevis?Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
- 47What is the distal attachment of flexor digiti minimi brevis?Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
- 48What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
- 49What is the proximal attachment of opponens digiti minimi?Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
- 50What is the distal attachment of opponens digiti minimi?Medial border of 5th metacarpal
- 51What is the action of opponens digiti minimi?Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it to bring 5th finger into opposition with thumb
- 52What are the proximal attachments of lumbricals 1 and 2?Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundas
- 53What are the distal attachments of lumbricals 1 and 2?Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd and 3rd digits
- 54What nerve innervates the lumbricals?Median nerve C8, T1
- 55What is the proximal attachment of lumbricals 3 and 4?Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundas (bipinnate muscles)
- 56What is significant about lumbricals 3 and 4?Bipennate muscles, attaching to tendons of flexor digitorum profundus on either side.
- 57What is the distal attachment of lumbricals 3 and 4?Lateral side of extensor expansion of 4th and 5th digits.
- 58What is the action of the lumbricals?Flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
- 59What is the proximal attachment of the dorsal interossei?Adjacent sides of two metacarpals
- 60What is the distal attachment of the dorsal interossei?Bases of proximal phalanges at extensor expansion of 2nd to 4th digits
- 61What nerve innervates the interossei?Deep branch of ulnar nerve C8, T1
- 62What is the action of the dorsal interossei?Abducts 2nd-4th digits from axial line.
Act with lumbricals to flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints. - 63What is the proximal attachment of the palmar interossei?Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals
- 64What is the distal attachment of the palmar interossei?Bases of proximal phalanges + extensor expansion of 2nd, 4th and 5th digits.
- 65What is the action of the palmar interossei?Adducts 2nd, 4th and 5th digits towards axial line.
Assists lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints. - 66Which set of interossei are bipennate, and which set are unipennate?Dorsal = bipennate
Palmar = unipennate - 67What tendons travel within the common flexor sheath?Flexor digitorum superficial and flexor digitorum profundus.
- 68Describe the changes to the flexor digitorum superficialis at the base of the proximal phalanx?It splits to surround the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and attaches along the margins of the shaft of the middle phalanx
- 69Describe the course of flexor digitorum profundus after fanning out towards the digits?Passes deep to the two halves of the flexor digitorum superficialis and continues from the middle phalanx as a tendinous chiasm to attach to the anterior aspect of the base of the distal phalanx.
- 70What surrounds the long flexor tendons as they emerge from the common synovial sheath?Digital synovial sheaths
- 71Where do the fibrous digital sheaths extend from and to?From the heads of the metacarpals to the base of the distal phalanx
- 72What is the function of the fibrous digital sheaths?Prevent bow-stringing of the long flexor tendons.
- 73What are the reinforced parts of the fibrous digital sheaths known as?Anular ligaments
Cruciform ligaments - 74Describe the orientation of angular ligaments?Pass horizontally
- 75Describe the orientation of cruciform ligaments?Pass diagonally over the flexor tendons.
- 76How do blood vessels supply the long flexor tendons of the digits?Small blood vessels pass from the periosteum of the phalanges through synovial folds (vincula).
- 77Where are the two sesamoid bones of the thumb found?At the head of the 1st metacarpal, within flexor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis brevis
- 78What two arteries and their perforating branches supply the hand?Ulnar and radial
- 79Where does the ulnar artery enter the hand?Anterior to flexor retinaculum, passing between pisiform and hook of hamate via ulnar canal
- 80Where is the ulnar artery located in relation to the ulnar nerve within the ulnar canal?Lateral to.
- 81What is the main contributor to the superficial palmar arch?Ulnar artery
- 82How does the radial artery pass from the posterior of the hand to the palm?Passes between the heads of the first dorsal interossei, and then medially between the heads of adductor pollicis
- 83What is the main contributor to the deep palmar arch?Radial artery
- 84Where is the deep palmar arch located?Just distal to the bases of the metacarpals
- 85What does the the superficial palmar arch give rise to?Common palmar digital arteries.
- 86What anastomoses with the common palmar digital arteries?Palmar metacarpal arteries from the deep palmar arch
- 87Where do the common palmar digital arteries divide?Just distal to base of 1st phalanx on medial side of digits 2-4
- 88What do the common palmar digital arteries divide into?Proper palmar digital arteries
- 89What artery swppliesthe medial side of the thumb? Where does it arise from?Princeps pollicis artery, arising from radial artery as it passes through the heads of the 1st interosseous dorsal muscle
- 90What artery passes along the lateral side of the index finger? Where does it arise from?Radialis indicies artery.
Arising from radial artery - 91What do the dorsal digital veins drain into?Three metacarpal veins
- 92Which side of the dorsal venous network does the cephalic vein originate?Lateral
- 93Which side of the dorsal venous network does the basilic vein originate?Medial
- 94What passes through the carpal tunnel?1. Median nerve
2. Flexor digitorum superficialis
3. Flexor digitorum profundus
4. Flexor pollicis longus - 95What intrinsic muscles of the hand does the median nerve supply?1. Lumbricals 1 & 2
2. Opponens pollicis
3. Abductor pollicis
4. Half of flexor pollicis brevis - 96What regions of skin on the hand does the median cutaneous nerve branches innervate?Lateral palm surface, anterior side of the first 3 digits and the lateral half of the 4th digit. The dorsal side of the distal half of these digits.
- 97Describe the course of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve?Branches proximal to the flexor retinaculum and passes superior to it to supply the central palm.
- 98What branches does the ulnar give off proximal to wrist?1. Palmar cutaneous branch
2. Dorsal cutaneous branch - 99What happens to the ulnar nerve at the distal border of the flexor retinaculum?Splits into deep and superficial branches.
- 100What does the palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?Medial side of the palm
- 101What does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?Cutaneous branches to the anterior surface of the medial 5th and half of the 4th digit
- 102What does the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?Medial side of the dorsal of the hand, dorsal side of the 5th and half of 4th finger
- 103What does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve innervate?1. Hypothenar muscles
2. Medial two lumbricals
3. Adductor pollicis
4. Half of flexor pollicis brevis
5. All interossei - 104What region of skin of the hand does the radial nerve innervate?Lateral 2/3 of the dorsal of the hand, dorsal of the thumb and proximal half of dorsum of lateral digits 1-3 and half of 4th
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Year 1 Anatomy & SF2 Karteikarten am Hand, erstellt von Lou Clark am 07/04/2016.
- Erstellt von
- Lou Clark
- Aufrufe
- 0
- Bewertung