Karteikarten
PHYSICS FLASHCARDS

Karten in diesem Stapel (81)
- 1WHAT IS SPEED AND VELOCITY?SPEED IS HOW FAST YOU'RE GOING
VELOCITY IS HOW FAST YOU'RE GOING WITH DIRECTION - 2HOW DO YOU CALCULATE SPEED FROM A DISTANCE-TIME GRAPHSPEED = GRADIENT = VERTICAL DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL
E.G. 500 DIVIDED BY 30 = 16.7 M/S - 3WHAT IS ACCELERATION AND HOW DO YOU WORK IT OUT?ACCELERATION IS HOW QUICKLY VELOCITY IS CHANGING
ACCELERATION = CHANGE IN VELOCITY DIVIDED BY TIME TAKE
A = ( V - U ) DIVIDED BY T - 4HOW DO YOU WORK OUT ACCELERATION, VELOCITY AND DISTANCE FROM A DISTANCE TIME GRAPH?ACCELERATION = GRADIENT = VERTICAL CHANGE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL CHANGE
VELOCITY = POINT FOUND BY READING VALUE
DISTANCE TRAVELED = ARE UNDER GRAPH E.G. BETWEEN 80 S AND 100 S = 20 X 50 = 1000 M - 5WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WEIGHT AND MASS? HOW DO YOU CALCULATE WEIGHT, MASS AND GRAVITY?MASS IS THE AMOUNT OF STUFF
WEIGHT IS THE EFFECT OF GRAVITY ON AN OBJECT
WEIGHT = MASS X GRAVITATIONAL STRENGTH - 6HOW DO YOU CALCULATE WEIGHT, MASS AND GRAVITY?WEIGHT = MASS X GRAVITATIONAL STRENGTH

- 7WHAT IS A RESULTANT FORCE AND HOW DO YOU CALCULATE ONE?RESULTANT FORCE IS THE OVERALL FORCE ON A POINT OR OBJECT
(IT MEANS A CHANGE IN VELOCITY )
WEIGHT = MASS X GRAVITATIONAL STRENGTH - 8HOW DO YOU CALCULATE ACCELERATION FROM A RESULTANT FORCEF = M A OR A = F/M
- 9REACTION FORCES ARE EQUAL AND OPPOSITEWHEN TWO OBJECTS INTERACT, THE FORCES THEY EXERT ON EACH OTHER ARE EQUAL AND OPPOSITE.
- 10WHAT IS FRICTION AND HOW DOES IT WORK?FRICTION IS THE FORCE THAT SHOWS THINGS DOWN
IT ALWAYS ACTS IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION
FRICTION FORCES BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS AND FLUID - 11HOW DO YOU REDUCE RESISTANCE?KEEPING THE OBJECT STREAMLINED DECREASES RESISTANCE
- 12WHAT IS TERMINAL VELOCITY?TERMINAL VELOCITY IS WHEN THE TWO FORCES OF THE OBJECT ARE BALANCED AND THE OBJECT REACHES A STEADY SPEED
- 13DEFINITION OF STOPPING DISTANCESTOPPING DISTANCE IS THE SUM OF THE THINKING DISTANCE AND THE BRAKING DISTANCE
- 14WHAT IS THINKING DISTANCE?1) HOW FAST YOU'RE GOING
2) HOW ALERT YOU ARE
3) BAD VISIBILITY
4) DISTRACTIONS - 15WHAT IS BRAKING DISTANCE?1) HOW FAST YOU'RE GOING
2) HOW GOOD YOUR BRAKES ARE
3) HOW GOOD THE TYRES ARE
4) HOW GOOD THE GRIP IS (ROAD SURFACE, WEATHER CONDITIONS, TYRES) - 16WHAT IS WORK DONE AND HOW DO YOU CALCULATE IT?WHEN A FORCE MOVES AN OBJECT THROUGH A DISTANCE, ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED AND WORK IS DONE
WORK DONE = FORCE X DISTANCE - 17WHAT IS GRAVITATION POTENTIAL ENERGY (GPD) AND HOW DO YOU CALCULATE IT?GPD IS ENERGY DUE TO HEIGHT
EP = MASS X GRAVITY X HEIGHT - 18WHAT IS KINETIC ENERGY AND HOW DO YOU CALCULATE IT?KINETIC ENERGY IS THE ENERGY OF MOVEMENT
KINETIC ENERGY = 1/2 X MASS X SPEED ^2 - 19WHAT IS KINETIC ENERGY TRANSFERRED AND HOW DO YOU CALCULATE IT?KINETIC ENERGY TRANSFERRED IS WORK DONE
KINETIC ENERGY TRANSFERRED = WORK DONE BY BRAKES
1/2MV^2 = F X D - 20CONVERTING Ep INTO EkKINETIC ENERGY GAINED = POTENTIAL ENERGY LOST
- 21WHAT IS ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY?A FORCE ACTING ON AN OBJECT, CAUSING IT TO CHANGE SHAPE
WORK DONE TO ELASTIC OBJECT TO CHANGE ITS SHAPE- THE ENERGY IS NOT LOST BUT STORED AS ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY - 22HOW DO YOU CALCULATE EXTENSION?FORCE = SPRING CONSTANT X EXTENSION
- 23WHAT IS THE LIMIT OF PROPORTIONALITY?THE LIMIT OF PROPORTIONALITY IS WHEN AN OBJECT REACHES IT ELASTIC POTENTIAL
- 24WHAT IS POWER AND HOW DO YOU CALCULATE IT?POWER IS THE RATE OF DOING WORK
E.G HOW MUCH DONE PER MINUTE
POWER = WORK DONE DIVIDED BY TIME TAKEN - 25WHAT IS POWER MEASURED IN?POWER IS MEASURED IN WATTS OR IN JOULES PER SECOND
- 26WHAT IS MOMENTUM AND HOW DO YOU CALCULATE IT?MOMENTUM IS THE PROPERTY OF MOVING OBJECTS
MOMENTUM = MASS X VELOCITY
(KG M/S) = KG X M/S - 27WHAT IS THE CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM?MOMENTUM BEFORE = MOMENTUM AFTER
- 28HOW ARE CARS DESIGNED TO CONVERT KINETIC ENERGY SAFELY?1) CRUMPLE ZONES - KINETIC ENERGY CONVERTED INTO OTHER FORMS BY CAR CHANGING SHAPE
2) IMPACT BARS- DIRECT ENERGY AWAY FROM PASSENGER
3) SEAT BELTS- INCREASE TIME TAKEN FOR FORCES TO STOP.
4) AIR BAGS SLOW YOU DOWN - 29WHAT ARE POWER RATINGS?THE HIGHEST AMOUNT OF POWER ALLOWED TO PASS THROUGH AN OBJECT E.G. POWER OUTPUT IN A CAR
- 30WHAT IS STATIC ELECTRICITY?STATIC ELECTRICITY IS THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS CAUSED BY FRICTION
- 31WHAT ARE THE DANGERS OF STATIC ELECTRICITY?1) STATIC ENERGY IS DANGEROUS WHEN THERE ARE FLAMMABLE GASES OR HIGH CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN WHICH CAN CREATE AN EXPLOSION.
2) TOUCHING SOMETHING WITH A LARGE ELECTRIC CHARGE CAN CAUSE ELECTRIC SHOCKS - 32OPPOSITES ATTRACTLIKE CHARGES REPEL AND OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACT
- 33WHAT IS CURRENT?CURRENT IS THE FLOW OF ELECTRICAL CHARGE AROUND A CIRCUIT
- 34WHAT IS POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE? (P.D)POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE IS THE DRIVING FORCE THAT PUSHES THE CURRENT ROUND
- 35WHAT IS RESISTANCE?RESISTANCE IS SOMETHING IN A CIRCUIT WHICH SLOWS THE CURRENT
- 36THE ___________ THE ___________ ACROSS A COMPONENT THE ___________ THE ___________ THAT FLOWS.1) GREATER
2) RESISTANCE
3) SMALLER
4) CURRENT - 37WHAT IS TOTAL CHARGE?THE TOTAL CHARGE DEPENDS ON THE CURRENT AND THE TIME
- 38HOW DO YOU WORK OUT P.D?P.D = WORK DONE DIVIDED BY CHARGE
- 39WHAT IS AN OPEN SWITCH AND ITS FUNCTION?AN OPEN SWITCH BREAKS THE CIRCUIT AND SO NO CURRENT FLOWS
- 40WHAT IS A CLOSED SWITCH AND ITS FUNCTION?A CLOSED SWITCH COMPLETES THE CIRCUIT AND ALLOWS THE CURRENT TO FLOW
- 41WHAT IS A CELL?A CELL PROVIDES THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- 42WHAT IS A BATTERY?MORE THAN ONE CELL
- 43WHAT IS A LAMP?A LAMP CONVERTS ELECTRICAL ENERGY INTO LIGHT ENERGY
- 44WHAT IS A FUSE AND ITS FUNCTION?A FUSE IS A SAFETY DEVICE WHICH MELTS TO BREAK THE CIRCUIT IF THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT EXCEEDS A CERTAIN VALUE
- 45WHAT IS A VOLTMETER?A VOLTMETER IS USED TO MEASURE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
- 46WHAT IS AN AMMETER?AN AMMETER IS USED TO MEASURE AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT
- 47WHAT IS A RESISTOR?A RESISTOR RESTRICTS THE FLOW OF AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT
- 48WHAT IS A DIODE?A DEVICE WHICH ALLOWS A CURRENT TO FLOW IN ONLY ONE DIRECTION
- 49WHAT IS A THERMISTOR?A THERMISTOR COVERTS HEAT TO ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
- 50WHAT IS A VARIABLE RESISTOR?A VARIABLE RESISTOR IS USED TO CONTROL A CURRENT
- 51WHAT IS A LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR?AN LDR CONVERTS LIGHT ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- 52HOW DO YOU WORK OUT RESISTANCE?POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE = CURRENT X RESISTANCE
- 53WHAT IS A SERIES CIRCUIT?A SERIES CIRCUIT IS WHEN THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS ARE CONNECTED IN A LINE, END TO END BETWEEN THE +VE AND -VE OF THE POWER SUPPLY.
IF ONE COMPONENT IS DISCONNECTED, THE WHOLE CIRCUIT IS BROKEN. - 54WHAT IS A PARALLEL CIRCUIT?A PARALLEL CIRCUIT IS WHEN EACH COMPONENT IS SEPARATELY CONNECTED TO THE +VE AND -VE OF THE SUPPLY.
IF ONE IS DISCONNECTED, IT WILL HARDLY AFFECT THE OTHERS. - 55WHAT IS THE UK MAINS SUPPLY?ABOUT 230 VOLTS
50 HERTZ - 56WHAT IS AC?AC MEANS ALTERNATING CURRENT- THE CURRENTS DIRECTION CONTINUALLY CHANGES
- 57WHAT IS DC?DC MEANS DIRECT CURRENT- THE CURRENT CONTINUES FLOWING IN ONE DIRECTION
- 58HOW DO YOU CALCULATE FREQUENCY FROM AN OSCILLOSCOPE?FREQUENCY = 1 DIVIDED BY THE TIME PERIOD
- 59WHAT IS THE LIVE WIRE?THE LIVE WIRE IS BROWN AND IS THE MAINS SUPPLY THAT ALTERNATES BETWEEN HIGH +VE AND -VE VOLTAGE
- 60WHAT IS THE NEUTRAL WIRE?THE NEUTRAL WIRE IS BLUE AND IS ALWAYS AT OV.
- 61WHAT IS THE EARTH-WIRE?THE EARTH-WIRE IS GREEN AND YELLOW AND USED TO PROTECT THE APPLIANCE. IT WORKS WITH THE FUSE TO PREVENT FIRES AND SHOCKS AND SENDS ELECTRICAL CHARGE TO THE EARTH
- 62WHAT ARE THE SAFETY FEATURES OF A PLUG?1) ALL WIRES CONNECTED CORRECTLY
2) NO BARE WIRES
3) CABLE GRIP AND CORRECT INSULATION
4) USE GOOD CONDUCTORS - 63WHAT IS AN R.C.C.B AND ITS ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO A FUSE?RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUIT BREAKERS
+ MUCH FASTER THAN FUSES
+ ARE NOT NEEDED TO BE REPLACED, ONLY RESET - 64HOW DO YOU CALCULATE THE TOTAL ENERGY TRANSFERRED BY AN APPLIANCE?ENERGY TRANSFERRED = POWER X TIME
- 65WHAT IS THE FORMULA FOR ELECTRICAL POWER?POWER = CURRENT X POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
P = I X V - 66HOW IS ENERGY TRANSFORMED CALCULATED?ENERGY TRANSFORMED = CHARGE X POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
- 67WHAT IS AN ISOTOPE? EXAMPLES?AN ISOTOPE IS ARE DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE SAME ELEMENT
CARBON- 12 AND CARBON-14 - 68WHAT IS RADIOACTIVITY?RADIOACTIVITY IS WHEN RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES GIVE OUT RADIATION
- 69WHAT IS BACKGROUND RADIATION? EXAMPLES?BACKGROUND RADIATION IS RADIATION THAT IS ALWAYS THERE
EXAMPLES OF BACKGROUND RADIATION IS; RADON GAS, FOOD, COSMIC RAYS, MATERIALS - 70WHAT IS RADIATION DOSE AND WHAT DOES IT DEPEND ON?RADIATION DOSE IS HOW MUCH RADIATION A PERSON IS EXPOSED TOO
IT DEPENDS ON YOUR LOCATION AND OCCUPATION- SOME LOCATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS CREATE MORE EXPOSURE - 71WHAT ARE ALPHA PARTICLES?ALPHA PARTICLES ARE HELIUM NUCLEI
AN ALPHA PARTICLE HAS TWO NEUTRONS AND TWO PROTONS
T DOESN'T PENETRATE VERY FAR AND ARE STOPPED QUICKLY
THEY ARE STRONGLY IONISING - 72WHAT ARE BETA PARTICLES?BETA PARTICLES ARE ELECTRONS
THEY ARE IN BETWEEN ALPHA AND GAMMA IN PROPERTY TERMS
THEY PENETRATE MODERATELY AND ARE MODERATELY IONISING
FOR EVERY B PARTICLE EMITTED, A NEUTRON TURNS TO A PROTON IN THE NUCLEUS - 73WHAT ARE GAMMA RAYS?GAMMA RAYS ARE SHORT WAVELENGTH EM WAVES
THEY PENETRATE FAR INTO PARTICLES WITHOUT BEING STOPPED
THEY ARE WEAKLY IONISING
THEY HAVE NO MASS AND NO CHARGE - 74ALPHA AND BETA PARTICLES DEFLECTED BY ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FIELDS. WHY?BECAUSE THEY HAVE OPPOSITE CHARGES, THEY'RE DEFLECTED IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
- 75WHAT IS HALF LIFE AND HOW DO YOU CALCULATE IT?HALF LIFE IS THE AVERAGE TIME IT TAKES FOR THE NUMBER OF NUCLEI IN A RADIOACTIVE SAMPLE TO HALVE
TO CALCULATE, YOU HALF THE NUMBER FOR ONE HALF LIFE, THEN HALF AGAIN FOR TWO HALF LIVES ETC - 76WHAT ARE THE USES OF RADIATION?1) SMOKE DETECTORS
2) TRACERS IN MEDICINE
3) RADIOTHERAPY
4) STERLISATION - 77WHAT IS RADIOACTIVE SAFETY?LOWER DOSES OF RADIATION CAUSE MINOR DAMAGE WITHOUT KILL CELLS
HIGHER DOSES KILL CELLS COMPLETELY WHICH CAUSES RADIATION SICKNESS - 78WHAT IS NUCLEAR FISSION?NUCLEAR FISSION IS THE SPLITTING UP OF BIG ATOMIC NUCLEI
- 79WHAT IS NUCLEAR FUSION?NUCLEAR FUSION IS THE JOINING OF SMALL ATOMIC NUCLEI
- 80THE LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR ABOUT SAME SIZE AS THE SUN1) FORMATION OF STAR FROM GAS AND DUST
2) TEMPERATURE RISES AND NUCLEAR FUSION OCCURS
3) FORCES ARE BALANCED (STABLE)
4) HYDROGEN RUNS OUT- RED GIANT
5) OUTER LAYER EJECTS
6) WHITE DWARF FORMS- THEN BLACK - 81LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR BIGGER THAN THE SUN1) FORMATION OF STAR FROM GAS AND DUST
2) TEMPERATURE RISES AND NUCLEAR FUSION OCCURS
3) FORCES ARE BALANCED (STABLE)
4) HYDROGEN RUNS OUT- RED SUPER GIANT 5) EXPLODE SUPER NOVA, NEUTRON STAR, BLACK HOLE
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- Karteikarten am PHYSICS FLASHCARDS, erstellt von Megan Cave am 14/04/2016.
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