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- 1what is business ethics defined as?Rules, standards codes or principles that give guidance for moral behaviours.
- 2what is an ethical issue?Any decision that may harm some and benefit others or deny.
That affects the rights of some and denies the rights of others - 3what are the 6 steps to ethical decision making?1- define the problem
2- identify alternatives
3- evaluate alternatives
4- make the decision
5- implement the decision
6- evaluate the decision - 4What are value judgements?subjective evaluations of what
is considered important
based on how managers intuitively feel about the
goodness or rightness of various goals - 5what are moral standards?- the means by which individuals
judge their actions and the actions of others.
• based upon accepted behaviour in society - 6teleological ethics is..?utilitarian focus, greatest good for greatest number of people, emphasis on benefits
- 7deontological ehics is?emphasis on duties or rules, doing what others would do in a similar situation.
universal duties and moral obligation. - 8what is virtue ethics?emphasis on moral character, if individual has good traits or values, the decisions will be good.
- 9who developed the theory of moral reasoning?kohlberg
- 10what are the 5 influences on ethical behaviour?• Influences on Individuals
• Corporate or Organizational Influences
• Economic Efficiency Influences
• Government and Legal System Influences
• Societal Influences - 11what is a statement of values and what are its' components?A description of the beliefs, principles, and basic assumptions about what is
desirable or worth striving for in an organization. Components: Key stakeholder interests to
be satisfied and balanced, Emphasis on quality and/or
excellence, Efficiency, Work climate, Observance of codes - 12what is code of conduct?Code of conduct: explicitly
states what appropriate
behaviour is by identifying
what is acceptable and
unacceptable. - 13what is code of ethics?Code of ethics: a statement
of principles or values that guide behaviour by describing the general value system within which a corporation attempts to operate in a given environment. - 14what is conflict of interests?A situation in which an individual has a private or personal interest that is sufficient to appear
to influence the objective exercise of that individual’s duties.
• Three types of conflict: (1) real; (2) apparent; (3) potential - 15what are ethics officers?Independent manager, Reports to the board of directors or CEO, Reviews complaints or information from anyone in the organization or any stakeholder, Studies situation and recommends action, Responsible for the ethics program
- 16What are ethics committees?Comprising management, employees, and outside stakeholders
- 17What is whistleblowing?Whistleblowing: an act of
voluntary disclosure of
inappropriate behaviour or
decisions to persons in
positions of authority in an
organization. - 18Issues of whistleblowing are...?Believed or not, obligation towards employer supersedes obligation towards self, profession and industry, hero or snitch?, consequences?
- 19code of ethics and code of conduct are based on which seperate approaches?code of ethics- values based approach (values, ethics and guiding principles)
code of conduct- compliance based approach (rules, laws and policies) - 20what is employee loyalty?commitment to one's employer or job and vice versa. Hard to measure loyalty.
- 21what is employee engagement?The emotional and intellectual commitment of an individual or group
to an organization that supports building and sustaining business
performance. - 22what are the 3 defining principles of employee engagement?say good things about organization
stay in organization
strive to achieve above and beyond their goals - 23What are 7 out of the 21 things that drive employee engagement for hewitts theory?co-workers, pay, physical work, retirement savings, benefits, reputation, self-recognition, CSR, intrinsic motivation, environment
- 24what 2 acts regulate workplace privacy?The digital privacy act
Personal Information protection and electronic documents act. - 25what are the 10 principles that organizations must follow?1. Accountability 2. Identifying purposes
3. Consent 4. Limiting collection
5. Limiting use, disclosure, and retention
6. Accuracy 7. Safeguards
8. Openness 9. Individual access
10. Challenging compliance - 26discrimination?Discrimination: The preferential (or less than preferential) treatment on basis not directly related to qualifications of the job or job performance (ec. race, sex, health, disability, gender, nationality, etc)
- 27what are the 2 acts that address discrimination?employment equity act and Canadian human rights act
- 28what is employment equity?The fair and equal treatment of employees
- 29what is diversity management?Voluntary initiative beyond what is required by law to
eliminate discrimination - 30what are consumer rights?To choose, to be heard, to education, to redress, to be informed, to safety, to a healthy environment
- 31what is consumer sovereignty?consumers dictate goods and services to be provided
• elements of democracy are present
• consumers make their own choices
• economic system operates more efficiently when
consumers determine production - 32What is the government influence to encourage competition?canadian competition act
- 33what is a supply chain?The route a product travels from the procurement of raw materials, the
transformation into intermediate goods and then final products, and the delivery to consumer through a distribution system to its ultimate disposal by the consumer - 34What is extended producer responsibility?“An environmental policy approach in which a producer’s responsibility, physical and/or financial, for a product is extended to the post-consumer stage of a product’s life cycle.”
- 35business to business is..?Commercial activity where one
corporation sells goods or services to another corporation rather than to consumers. - 36what regulates the supply chain and why?The supply chain is regulated by the Canadian Competition Act to prevent suppliers from taking advantage of their customers:
• Exclusive dealing, tied selling and market restrictions • Price discrimination
• Price maintenance • Refusal to deal - 37what is market regulation?• Laissez-faire approach, Government does not interfere with business.
• Consumers can force companies to behave in particular ways by refusing to purchase goods or services or through boycotts. - 38what is self regulationCorporate self-discipline regulation
• mission, values statement, codes of conduct or ethics
• Industry self-regulation
• voluntary codes
• Self-regulation involving stakeholders
• Negotiated self-regulation
• Mandatory self-regulation - 39what are the 3 types of business regulations?total government regulation
Industry self-regulation
laissez-faire regulation (market regulation) - 40how do businesses affect the government?Financing of political parties
• Publicly expressed support for a
candidate or party.
• Publicly expressed views on political
issues.
• Executives running for public office.
• Management’s position on employee
participation - 41what is lobbying?All attempts to influence directly or indirectly any government activity, and includes any attempt to influence legislators, their staff members, public
administrators, and members of regulatory agencies. - 42what is corporate welfare?Any action by municipal, provincial, or federal governments that gives a
specific corporation or an entire industry a benefit not offered to others
• Industries appear increasingly willing to
advocate for and accept government assistance - 43what are corporate agendas?The real or imagined alleged domination of public policy or
government programs by corporations or business
organizations in their own best interests. - 44what is deregulation?the reduction of
government influence or impact
over the economy allowing for a
freer and more efficient
marketplace - 45pros and cons of deregulation?Pros: more competitive business
environment, resulting in higher
productivity, more efficiency, and
lower prices
• Cons: reduced environmental
quality standards, greater
financial uncertainty, and market
control by monopolies. - 46What is privatization?Strengthening of the
market at the expense of the
state - 47What is corporate governance?The processes, structures,
and relationships through which the
shareholders, as represented by a
board of directors, oversee the activities
of the corporation. - 48What is the corporate governance chain?shareholders elect board of directors who hire CEO's who hire executives who hire employees/workers
- 49What are the 2 types owners?direct
indirect - 50governing system is?The processes,
structures, and relationships through which
decisions are made. - 51what is shareholder democracy?the exercise of power by
owners to ensure they are treated fairly and enjoy equally the privileges and duties of ownership - 52what are passive shareholders?do not attempt to influence
the affairs of the corporation even though they
have a legal right to do so. - 53active shareholders?participate in the governance
of the firm to the full extent allowed by law. - 54what are fiduciary duties?obligations of directors
to shareholders that are prescribed by
laws or regulations. - 55What is an independent director>?A director who is free from any
interest and any business or other relationship which could, or could reasonably be perceived to, materially
interfere with the director’s ability to act in the best interests of the corporation. - 56What is globalization?a process of decreasing constraints
on the interactions among the nations and
peoples of the world. - 57economic globalization?: the integration of
fragmented markets into a global economy. - 58political globalization?process by which
world power relationships change, and there is a
loss of sovereignty by the states. - 59social or cultural globalization?the emergence of
a worldwide cultural system. - 60what are the criticisms of globalization?• Damage to the environment
• Support for oppressive regimes
• Criticism of marketing practices (e.g., tobacco, pharmaceutical,
baby formula, etc.)
• Arms trade
• Treatment of employees (e.g.,sweatshops)
• Treatment of indigenous peoples
• Genetic modification of plants& animals
• Corruption and bribery - 61supernatural institution?an international organization that
transcends national boundaries where the member states share in
decision making on particular issues pertaining to the members - 62world bank?• Provides financial and technological assistance to developing countries
- 63what is the international monetary fund?Fosters financial stability, international trade, employment, and reduction of
poverty. - 64what is international labour organization?UN agency that seeks to promote social justice and internationally recognized
human and labour rights. - 65what is the world trade organization?• Coordinates agreements reducing trade barriers.
- 66What are INGO's?INGOs are groups that hold shared values and attitudes about
the issues relating to globalization and advocate for changes to
improve conditions in developing countries
• INGOs put pressure on corporations and governments
• INGOs are also referred to as transnational non-government
actors (TNGOs) or transnational social movement organization
(TSMOs) - 67advantages of globalization?Trade leads to more efficient
production of better goods and services
• Better opportunities for employment and higher incomes
• Standard of living has increased
• Transfer of capital, technology,
intellectual property, skilled labour - 68disadvantages of globalization?Benefits received by only a few
• Creates unemployment
• Increased poverty and inequality
• Causes periodic financial crises
• Destroys local environment
• Destroys cultures
• Violates human rights
• Questionable payments made
• Disrespect of intellectual property - 69what are human rights?The fundamental rights and freedoms to which
all individuals, groups, and societies are entitled (e.g.,
sweatshops).
• Child labour • Forced labour
• Discrimination • Environment
• Working Conditions - 70what is corruption?The abuse of entrusted power for private gain
(e.g., bribery) - 71what is bribery?making questionable payments, or bribes, to government
officials to influence their decisions
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- Karteikarten am Ohne Titel, erstellt von Hanin Lewa am 22/04/2016.
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