Karteikarten
Glowacki flashcards
Karten in diesem Stapel (110)
- 1What is the normal range of potassium (K+) in the blood?Normal K+ = 3.5 - 5.0
< 3.5 = hypokalemia
> 5.0 = hyperkalemia - 2Name some antiplatelet medications?ASA, Ticlid, Plavix
Remember Heperin is NOT an antiplatelet - 3If a patient has a high creatinine, what should you consider?Use as small amount of contrast as possible
Pre-procedure fluid hydration - 4How does heparin prevent clot formation?Heparin prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Heparin combines to make it more effective - 5What is the action of Reopro (Abcixmab)Reopro inhibits IIb/IIIa receptors
- 6INR measures the levels of which drug?Coumadin (Warfarin)
- 7Lovenox impacts what?Antithrombin and Factor Xa
- 8What is the medication of choice for SVT?Adenosine
- 9What short acting benzodiazepine is commonly used in the cath lab for sedation?Versed (Midazolam)
- 10What is a quick and easy way to check a patients clotting time after being given heparin?ACT
- 11How do Ticlid & Plavix act?They turn off receptor sites on the platelets (super aspirin)
- 12If a patient is on NPH Insulin, what medication should not be given?Protamine
- 13What does ASA (aspirin) do?ASA prevents platelet adhesion
- 14TPA acts by?Dissolving fibrin
Activates plasminogen - 15What labs look at kidney function?BUN and Creatinine
GFR
Creatinine clearance - 16The most accurate measure of cardiac muscle fiber damage after an MI is what?Troponin
- 17Which lab value does not evaluate the extent of an MI? SGOT Serum Creatinine CK-MB LDHSerum Creatinine
- 18Post procedure renal dysfunction is more likely to occur in patients with?Diabetes
Pre-procedure dysfunction
Frequent use of NSAID
Ace Inhibitors - 19What is a pseudoaneurysm?Pseudoaneurysm is a false aneurysm
Often a pulsatile mass near the sheath site with a bruit present - 20If the transducer is positioned to low at the side of the table, the pt.'s pressure will read?The pressure will read as falsely high
- 21If you are checking the radial/ulner pulse when you press and release one at a time is called what kind of test?Allen's test
Allens test is always preformed prior to using the radial approach for a procedure. - 22What is the best way to calculate a patients pulse rate?Check pulse for one minute
- 23If the patients IV site is infiltrated, what should you do?Turn it off
- 24Metabolic Acidosis has a low level of what?Bicarb (HCO3)
- 25A pH less than 7.35 or greater than 7.45 is called what?Uncompensated
- 26What would be the appropriate intervention for a patient with Respiratory Acidosis?Increase Ventilations
- 27The primary drive to breathe comes for the patients?CO2 level
- 28Hyperventilating a patient prior to suctioning is done to?Increase arterial PO2
- 29Interpret the following blood gas PH = 7.25 CO2 = 60 HCO = 22Uncompensated
Respiratory
Acidosis - 30A high CO2 will impact the pH how?It will lower the pH
- 31What type of intervention is best used for a calcified lesion?Rotorblador
(Calcified, key word) - 32What type of ballon is best used on a calcified lesion?Cutting balloon
- 33The symptoms of increased heart rate, decreased BP, and SOB during a biopsy, indicates what?Cardiac Perfusion
- 34What diagnostic catheter is best utilized for visualizing the LAD when the patient has a dilated aortic root?JL5
- 352.66mm diameter is what size catheter?8FR
- 36What device uses saline to dissolve and suction thrombus during and acute MI?Angiojet
- 37During a Rotoblador intervention, what is the most common cause of "no flow"?Distal embolization
- 38Where does the needle enter for a pericardialcentesis?Sub-xyphoid process
- 39What is a possible complication of over tightening the toughy?Unable to inflate the balloon
- 40If a patient has a heart rate of 150, assist on the IABP should be set at what ?1:2
- 41What is the best balloon to use on an artery that has a tendency to close?A perfusion balloon
- 42Jugular Vein distention can be caused by?RV Infarct
Pulmonary hypertention
Tricuspid regurgitate - 43Shortness of breath indicates right or left sided heart failure?Left-sided heart failure
- 44Ventricular arrhythmia are most common during the injection of which coronary artery?RCA
- 45Osmolality refers to the ability of the contrast to?Pull fluid into the intravascular space
- 46The ideal contrast volume to be given to the patient is?3ml/kg
- 47Synchronous (demand) pacemakers have what unique ability?They sense the hearts intrinsic activity and pace only when needed
- 48In order, the first three letters of the pacemakers code mean what?1- chamber paced
2- chamber sensed
3- chamber triggered - 49The purpose of Biventricular pacemakers is to?To synchronize the contraction of both ventricles
- 50The purpose of ICD's is to?Monitor bradycardia, tachycardia, VT, and V-fib and convert if necessary
- 51In the terms in RAO and LAO, the L and R refer to what?The position of the image intensifier
- 52What is the best view to see the LAD and Circ bifurcation?Spider view
- 53On an EKG, what shows a "true" posterior Infarct?V7 - V9, V1 and V2
- 54What catheter does an Internal Mammary catheter resemble?JR4
- 55If the pt has a dilated aortic root, which catheter might you need to cannulate the right coronary system?JR5
- 56In a routine PTCA, what might be some complications caused by the handling of the wire?Arterial dissection or perforation
- 57What does RAD stand for?Radiation absorbed dose
- 58The most important factor in decreasing XRAY exposure to a patient is to?To decrease time of exposure
- 59What is the max dose of radiation a worker can receive in a year?5 REM
- 60What converts the XRAY to light rays?Image intensifier
- 61What is the best choice of catheter to use on a LCA with a high take off?Amplatz
- 62To view pulmonary stenosis, where do you inject the contrast?Right ventricle
- 63Pulimonic stenosis in generally associated with what?Congenital anomalies
- 64What is the normal PR interval? If the PR interval is .25, where is the delay?Normal PR interval .12 -.20
PR interval > .20, the conduction delay occurs in the AV node - 65What is the normal amount of blood in the pericardium?50cc
- 66When are the coronary arteries perfused?During Ventricular Diastole
- 67In what condition do you get the equalization of LVEDP and RVEDP?Constrictive pericarditis
- 68Where is the most common renal stenosis located?Ostial
- 69Greatest % of peripheral stenosis occurs where?Lower extremities
- 70What will cause failure to capture of pacemaker in the RV?Lead dislodgement
- 71You have a 50 year old admitted to the cath lab, HR 200, BP 90/50, what would you do?Synchronized cardioversion
- 72Vascular resistance is most greatly influenced by?The radius of the tube (vessel)
- 73What is ACLS protocol for monophasic defibrillation?200 - 300 - 360
- 74How do you test a defibrillator?Discharging paddles into the dummy load
- 75If there valve has regurgitation, which CO should you use?Fick
- 76What does the c wave represent?Onset of ventricular contraction
- 77Where do you measure thermal dilution cardiac outputs?Inject in the RA and read in the PA
- 78What are the 4 anomalies associated with Tetrology of Fallot?Pulmonic stenosis
VSD
RV hypertrophy
Overriding aorta - 79Which valve has the smallest valve area?Aortic
- 80A PDA (patent ductus arteriousus) most likely causes?Increased pulmonary blood flow, possibly pulmonary edema
- 81What is a sign of right sided heart failure?Jugular vein distention
- 82What is the purpose of the IABP?Increase coronary artery perfusion
Decrease afterload - 83Mean Arterial Blood Pressure(Systolic + 2xDiastolic) /3
EX: Systolic 110
Diastolic 60
110 - 2 (60) /3
76.6 - 84Pulse PressureAO systolic - AO diastolic
EX: BP = 120/80
120-80
40mmHg - 85Normal O2 ConsumptionAdult - 250 ml/min
Child - 150 ml/min - 86FICK Cardiac OutputO2 consumption (ml/min) / (AVO2 difference) x 10
O2 consumption - 250ml/min
AO sat 95%
PA sat 68%
Factor 1.34
Hgb 13.7
250/ (17.4 - 12.5) x10
5.1 L/min - 87Stoke Volume (SV)End Diastolic Volume (EDV) -
End Systolic Volume (EDS)
EX: EDV = 130ml
ESV = 70ml
130 - 70
60ml - 88Ejection FractionStroke Volume / End Diastolic Volume
EX: EDV = 130
EDS = 70
130-70 / 130
.46 or 46% - 89Cardiac Output L/min Angiographic (LVMF)HR X SV /1000
EX: HR = 66 bpm
SV = 80
66 x 80 / 1000
5.3 L/min - 90Cardiac IndexCardiac Output / BSA
- 91Cardiac Index L/min/m2CO / BSA
Ex: CO = 5.1
BSA = 1.4
5.1 / 1.4
3.6L/min/m2 - 92Regurgitant FractionSV angiographic - SV thermo/fick / SV angiographic
Ex: SV angiographic = 50
SV thermo = 20
50 -20 / 50
.60 or 60% - 93Categories of Regurgitant FractionRF < 40% mild
RF 40% - 60% moderate
RF > 60% severe - 94How is Systolic Ejection Period (SEP) measured?The amount of time the aortic valve is open. It is found between the beginning of arterial systole and the dicrotic notch
(The black area indicates the SEP) - 95Aortic Valve FlowCardiac Output (ml/min) / Systolic Ejection Period (SEP in sec/min)
CO = 5.1L/min
SEP = .25 sec/beat
HR = 70bpm
CO is converted from 5.1L/min to 5100 ml/min. SEP x HR = .25 x 70 (converts sec per beat to sec per min)
Take CO/SEP
5100/17.5 = 291.42ml/sec - 96What are Gorlin's constant used to analyze mitral and aortic valve areas?Mitral 37.7
Aortic 44.5 - 97Aortic Valve AreaAortic Valve Flow / 44.5 x sq. root of mean AO valve gradient
Ex: Mean gradient = 49mmHg
HR = 60bpm
SEP = .35 sec/beat
CO = 5.1 L/min
5100 /(.35)(60) /44.5 x sq. root of 49
.78cm2 - 98Diastolic Filling Period (dfp)The amount of time the mitral valve is open.
(The black area indicates the dfp) - 99Mitral Valve FlowCO ml/min / dfp (sec/min)
EX: HR = 70
dfp = .40 sec/beat
CO = 5.1 L/min
5100 / .40 x 70
182.14 ml/sec - 100Mitral Valve Area (MVA)Mitral Valve Flow / 37.7 x sq. root of the mean mitral valve gradient
Ex: CO = 5.1
Mean gradient = 16mmHg
HR = 70bpm
dfp = .40sec/beat
5.1 (1000)/(.40)(70) / 37.7 x sq. root of 16
182.14/150.8
1.2cm2 - 101Hakki formulaCO (L/min) / sq. root of the Peak to Peak pressure gradient
Ex: 5.1
AO = 120/80
LV = 180/0/28
5.1 / sq. root of 60
.71 cm2 - 102Peak to Peak GradientLV Systolic - AO Systolic
Ex: LV 180/0/18
AO 130/70
180-130
50mmHg gradient - 103When calculating a L to R shunt occurring in the RA, what formula should be used for mixed venous saturation?Flamm's Equation
3 SVC + 1 IVC / 4 - 104Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)(mean AO) - (mean RA) / CO
Ex: AO = 120/80/93
RA = 8/2/5
CO = 5.1L/min
93-5/5.1
17.3 HRU's = 17.3 x 80
=1384 dynes/sec/cm-5 - 105Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)(mean PA) - (mean PCW) / CO
PA = 25/10/15
PCW = 9/6/6
CO = 6.8
(15-6) / 6.8
1.3 ARU's x 80
= 104 dynes/sec/cm-5 - 106Normal Absolute Resistance Units (ARU's) for SVR and PVRSVR = 1130 +_ 178
dynes/sec/cm-5
PVR = 67 +_23
dynes/sec/cm-5 - 107Conversion of HRU's (Hybrid Resistance Units) to ARU's (Absolute Resistance Units) HRU's are also called Wood UnitsSVR = HRU's x 80
SVR = 14.13
SVR = 14.13 x 80
SVR = 1130 ARU's
PVR = HRU's x 80
PVR = .84
PVR = .84 x 80
PVR = 67 ARU's - 108Increase bicarbonate will do what to the pH?Elevated HCO3 will increase the pH
- 109What is the most common form of cardiac tumor?Atrial Myxoma located in the left atrium
- 110The innermost layer of an artery is what?The intima
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- - Glowacki review Karteikarten am Glowacki flashcards, erstellt von Monica Gonzalez am 17/05/2016.
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