Karteikarten
Biochem Final
Karten in diesem Stapel (46)
- 1Biological functions of lipids (6)energy storage, membrane component, signal transduction, enzyme cofactors, vitamins, light-absorbing pigments
- 2Glycolipid =sugar + lipid
- 3major lipids in biological membranesphosphoglycerides
- 4storage fatstriacylglycerols
- 5saturated fatty acidno double bonds, saturated in H
- 6Features of commonly occurring fatty acids (4)even number of C atoms, unbranched, double bonds in cis (kink), double bonds methylene bridged
- 7commonly occurring saturated fatty acidsLaurate (12), Myristate (14), Palmitate (16), Stearate (18) Arachidate (20)
- 8typical unsaturated fatty acidso Oleate 18:1(Δ9), Linoleate 18:2(Δ9,12), linolenate 18:3 (Δ9,12,15), arachidonate 20:4(Δ5,8,11,14)
- 9double bonds ______ melting pointdecrease
- 10Phosphorylation adds ____ charges to molecules, leading to an _____ in water solubilitynegative, increase
- 11phosphate ester =phosphoric acid + alcohol
- 12phosphoanhydride =phosphoric acid + acids
- 13amphipathichydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
- 14absorption chromatography: _____ come out firstseparated based on polarity, charged out first
- 15Trans esterificationreact with NaOH/methanol to release fatty acids from glycerol (break ester bond)
- 16most abundant biomolecule on earthsugars
- 17functional groups of monosaccharides (2)C=O either aldehyde or ketone, two carbons with hydroxyl (OH) groups
- 18Enantiomersalternative forms of a compound, identical chemical properties but differ physically
- 19diastereomersmonosaccharides with more than one chiral carbon, have stereoisomers that differ in handedness
- 20epimerspairs of sugars that are identical with the exception of configuration at one carbon atom
- 21aldehyde + alcohol =hemiacetal
- 22ketone + alcohol =hemiketal
- 23pyranose vs. furanosepyranose = 6 membered, furanose = 5 membered
- 24mutarotationring opens in solution and closes back again forming identical equilibrium mixtures
- 25reducing sugarsreact with oxidants such as Cu2+
- 26anomeric carbononly carbon atom attached to two oxygen atoms, electrophilic, position involving most reactions
- 27how are glycosides formed?condensation of anomeric carbon with nuclephilic OH of alcohol or NH of amine
- 28homopolysaccharidesall same monomer
- 29PyrimidinesC, U, T
- 30PurinesA, G
- 31base + sugar =nucleoside
- 32base + sugar + phosphate =nucleotide
- 33how are nucleotide units linked?5'OH of one to 3'OH of another through phosphodiester bonds
- 34Chargaff's rulesA=T, C=G, % of GC and AT varied among organisms
- 35cause of major and minor groovesglycosylic bonds of a base pare are at an angle creating a short angle and large angle
- 36forces that stabilize double helix (3)hydrophobic effect, H-bonding, Van der Waals
- 37most hydrolysis reactions are energetically ______favourable
- 38ATP provides energy through _______group transfer
- 39enzyme cofactors:additional chemical compounds that aid enzymes in carrying out function; inorganic ions or coenzymes
- 40coenzymescomplex organic or metalloorganic compounds that act as transient carriers of specific functional groups
- 41anabolismprocess of building up larger and more complex molecules (ATP to ADP)
- 42catabolismbreakdown of molecules into simpler products (ADP to ATP)
- 43characteristics of metabolic pathways (2)irreversible (at least one reaction very thermodynamically favourable), regulated
- 44if enzyme in a pathway is inactivated....intermediates upstream will accumulate
- 45ΔG⁰-nFΔE0, n = number of electrons transferred, F = faraday constant
- 46stages in complete oxidation of fatty acids to CO2 and H2O (3)beta oxidation to acetyl CoA, acetyl CoA through citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
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- (Winter 2014) Karteikarten am Biochem Final, erstellt von j_sunga am 19/03/2014.
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- j_sunga
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