Karteikarten
Nematodes 5
Karten in diesem Stapel (42)
- 1What are Rhabditoidea?Free living/ parasitic generation
- 2Give an example of a Rhabditoidea.Strongyloides
- 3What is the parasitic cycle of the Strongyloides?1. L3 ingested or penetrates the skin
2. Lung migration
3. Adults in the small intestines - 4What conditions are required by Strongyloides?Warm, moist conditions
- 5In which species are Strongyloides found?Dogs
Horses
Pigs
Humans
Calves - deep straw, irritation on feet (redness and inflammation) - 6Are Strongyloides self limiting?Yes
- 7What is the pathogenesis and clinical signs of Strongyloides?1. Young animals due to not being immune yet
2. Diarrhoea
3. Weight loss - 8How can the egg of Strongyloides be distinguished?Small (55 micro meters)
Pale
Loads of them but need to be considered alongside other aspects for disease - 9What are "pinworms"?Oxyuroidea
- 10What is the most common Oxyuroidea in humans in the UK?Enterobius vermicularis
- 11Where is Enterobius vermicularis found in humans?Large intestines
- 12What is an Oxyuroidea found in horses?Oxyuris equi
- 13What are features of Oxyuris equi?1. Direct life cycle - embryonated egg infective
- 14What is the pathology of Oxyuris equi?1. None in intestines
2. Pruritis - "rat-tail" caused by itchiness
(causes more eggs to be knocked off perineum and spread) - 15How is Oxyuris equi diagnosed?Scotch tape dabbed around the perineum
- 16What are Trichuris species?Whipworms
- 17Where are Trichuris species found?1. Large intestines - head buried in the mucosa, tail in the lumen (mating can occur)
2. In various hosts (dog, pig and human) - 18How can Trichuris species be distinguished?Characteristic eggs with plugs on either end
- 19What do Trichuris species cause?Mucoid and bloody diarrhoea
- 20What have Trichuris species been used for in medicine?Therapy for inflammatory disorders of bowel - helps reverse the changes
- 21Give an example of a Trichuris species which is a serious zoonotic.Trichinella spiralis
- 22Where are the adults found?In small intestines but transient and only live for 1 to 2 weeks
- 23Where are the larvae of Trichinella spiralis found?In nurse cells in striated muscle for as long as the host lives
- 24What can happen in humans with Trichinella spiralis?1. Transient enteritis
2. Myositis
3. Can be fatal due to spike in cytokines and inflammation - 25How can Trichinella spiralis be acquired?From infected meat - most commonly pork
- Cannibalism - 26How are Spiruroids and Filarioids transmitted?Insect vectors
Refined transmission strategies - well adapted to host behaviour - 27Where are Habreonema species found normally?Stomach of horse
- 28How and why are Habronema species transmitted?Transmitted by muscid fly
- Horse will lick and consume fly on face
Summer sores are created by a wound and adult fly will land on it and deposit larvae and horse will swallow fly to allow cycle to continue - 29What is Thelazia?Eyeworm
- 30How is Thelazia transmitted?Flies are drawn to secretions of the eye and L3 is released on the eye by the fly. L3 has a serrated cuticle to cause abrasion of mucosa, pain and increase in lacrimal secretions to increase chance of transmission
- 31What is the treatment of Thelazia?Ivermectin either locally or systemically
- 32Where are Parafilaria bovicola found?Connective tissue
Long worms which wind round the subcutaneous tissue - 33How is Parafilaria bovicola transmitted?L1 penetrate skin
Flies feed on blood, pick up L1 and develop into L3
Next time fly feeds L3 is deposited - 34Where is Onchocerca found?Connective tissue in horses (especially ligamentum nuchae) and cattle
- 35What do Onchocerca cause?Nodules - each nodule is a worm
- 36What is the transmission of Onchocerca?1. L1 released onto skin causing inflammation
2. Vector is black fly (running water) and they bite the skin and take up L1
3. L1 develops to L3 in fly
4. Fly bites and L3 is deposited into animal - 37Give 3 human filarial infections.1. Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
2. Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)
3. Guinea worm - 38What is the name of canine (and feline) heartworm?Filarioidea - Dirofilaria immitis
- 39How is Dirofilaria immitis transmitted?1. Microfilariae ingested by mosquito
2. Develop to L3, injected into definitive host
3. Vascular migration, dormant in fascia
4. Adults in right side of heart - 40How long can it take for Dirofilaria immitis to get from fascia to the heart?6-9 months
- 41How is Dirofilaria immitis described?Spaghetti worm
- 42What do you have to be careful doing when treating Dirofilaria immitis?If the animal is worm infected it will cause the worms to die and become a bolus in the heart which can be fatal
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- BVSc 2. Agents of disease AD1 (Parasitology EM) Karteikarten am Nematodes 5, erstellt von Rachael Jones am 09/02/2017.
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