Karteikarten
chem salters a2 reactions to learn
Karten in diesem Stapel (69)
- 1alkane -> halogenoalkanehalogen e.g. Cl2,
UV light + RT - 2alkene -> halogenoalkaneconc HBr (aq),
RT+P - 3alkene -> bromoalcoholshake with bromine water,
RT+P - 4alkene -> dihalogenoalkaneBr2 (in organic solvent),
RT+P - 5alkene -> alkaneH2 (g),
Pt catalyst, RT+P OR
Ni catalyst, 150˚C, 5atm - 6alkene -> alcoholsteam,
phosphoric acid catalyst, 300˚C, 60atm - 7alkene-> addition polymertrace O2, 200˚C, 1500atm
(addition polymerisation) - 8homolytic fission of halogenoalkanesUV light
makes radicals - 9heterolytic fission of halogenoalkanesdissolve in polar solvent (e.g.water/ethanol mix)
makes carbocation and halide ion - 10halogenoalkane -> alcoholNaOH (aq), reflux
OR
water, reflux - 11halogenoalkane -> amineconc NH3
heat in a sealed tube - 12halogenoalkane -> nitrile (R-CN) + halide ionreflux with NaCN in ethanol/water
(given on exam data sheet) - 13primary alcohol -> bromoalkaneconc H2SO4 and NaBr (s) to make HBr in situ, heat under reflux (given on exam data sheet)
- 14primary alcohol -> chloroalkaneconc HCl
- 15primary alcohol -> alkenepass vapour over Al2O3 at 300˚C
- 16primary alcohol -> aldehyde. (oxidation)acidified potassium dichromate,
heat and distil off as formed
(goes from orange to green as dichromate ions reduced) - 17primary alcohol -> carboxylic acid. (oxidation)Acidified potassium dichromate,
Heat under reflux
(goes from orange to green as dichromate ions reduced) - 18secondary alcohol -> ketone. (oxidation)Acidified potassium dichromate
Heat under reflux
(goes from orange to green as dichromate ions reduced) - 19aldehyde -> primary alcohol. (reduction)NaBH4
(given on exam data sheet) - 20ketone -> secondary alcohol. (reduction)NaBH4
(given on exam data sheet) - 21aldehyde -> cyanohydrinHCN
alkaline conditions - 22ketone -> cyanohydrinHCN
alkaline conditions - 23aldehyde -> carboxylic acidacidified potassium dichromate, reflux (orange to green) OR
heat with Fehlings solution (orange/brown precipitate formed) - 24carboxylic acid -> esteralcohol, conc H2SO4, heat under reflux
- 25phenol -> esteracyl chloride RT+P (makes HCl) OR
acid anhydride and heat under reflux (makes carboxylic acid)
both anhydrous conditions - 26ester hydrolysismod conc acid (e.g. H2SO4) OR mod conc alkali (e.g. NaOH)
heat under reflux - 27alkylation of a primary aminehalogenoalkene + primary amine -> secondary amine + HCl/HBr
- 28making primary amides (acylation)acyl chloride + conc NH3-> primary amide + HCl
- 29making secondary amides (acylation)acyl chloride + primary amine -> secondary amide + HCl
- 30amide hydrolysismod conc acid (e.g. HCl) OR mod conc alkali (e.g. NaOH)
heat under reflux - 31Benzene -> cyclohexaneH2, finely divided Ni catalyst, 300˚C, 30atm
- 32nitrobenzene -> phenylaminecatalyst: Sn + conc HCl, heat under reflux
(on exam data sheet) - 33phenyl amine -> benzenediazonium ion (diazotisation)dilute HCl, NaNO2 (to form nitrous acid HNO2), less than 5˚C
- 34diazonium ion -> azo compound
- 35benzene nitrationnitrating mix- conc nitric acid, conc sulphuric acid, less 55˚C
- 36benzene sulfonationconc sulfuric, heat under reflux for several hours
- 37benzene chlorinationCl2 (g), anhydrous AlCl3, RT+P
- 38benzene BrominationBr2 (g), anhydrous FeBr3, RT+P
- 39benzene alkylationchloroalkane, anhydrous AlCl3, heat under reflux
- 40benzene acylationacyl chloride, anhydrous AlCl3, heat under reflux
- 41advantages of friedel-craftreactions can be carried out in ionic liquids-
reduces solvent emission, reduces flammability, recycle easily and allow reactions to be carried out at reduced temps - 42tests: alcohol + NaOHno reaction
- 43tests: phenol + NaOHreacts to form a salt
- 44tests: carboxylic acid + NaOHreacts to form a salt
- 45tests: alcohol + carbonateno reaction
- 46tests: phenol + carbonateno reaction
- 47tests: carboxylic acid + carbonatefizzes- releases CO2
- 48test for phenolneutral iron (III) chloride
turns from yellow to purple - 49[Fe(H2O)6]2+green solution
- 50[Fe(H2O)6]3+yellow solution
- 51Fe(OH)2(s)green gelatinous solid
- 52Fe(OH)3(s)orange gelatinous solid
- 53[Cu(H2O)6]2+blue solution
- 54[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+violet solution
- 55[CuCl4]2-yellow solution
- 56Cu(OH)2(s)pale blue solid
- 57N2Odinitrogen(I) oxide (nitrous oxide) colourless gas
- 58NO2nitrogen (IV) oxide (nitrogen dioxide)-brown toxic gas
- 59NOnitrogen (II) oxide (nitrogen monoxide)- colourless gas, free radical
- 60shape of N2linear
- 61shape of ammoniapyramid
- 62shape of ammonium iontetrahedral
- 63shape of nitrate (III) ionbent
- 64shape of nitrate (V) ionplanar triangular
- 65test for aldehydefehlings solution, brown/orange precipitate formed
- 66carboxylic acid -> aldehydereflux with dilute HCl
- 67carboxylic acid -> acyl chlorideSCl2O, heat under reflux
- 68nitrile -> carboxylic acidheat under reflux with dilute H2SO4
- 69coupling reactionalkali, less than 5˚C
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- Karteikarten am chem salters a2 reactions to learn, erstellt von joannalivesey am 29/04/2014.
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