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Chapter 2: The Project Management and Information Technology Context

Technology Technology CIS 4375 Englisch 63 Karten

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  1. 1Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. _____ describes this holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization. a. Linear analysis b. Systems thinking c. Reductionism d. The silo approachb. Systems thinking
  2. 2_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs. a. Linear programming b. Independent component analysis c. Principal component analysis d. Systems analysisd. Systems analysis
  3. 3The _____ perspective of an organization focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management. a. structural frame b. human resources frame c. political frame d. symbolic framea. structural frame
  4. 4The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. a. structural b. human resources c. political d. symbolicb. human resources
  5. 5The symbolic perspective of an organization: a. focuses on different groups’ roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management. b. views the organization as coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. c. focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people. d. focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.d. focuses on the meanings of the culture, language, traditions, and image of the organization.
  6. 6The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups. a. political frame b. symbolic frame c. structural frame d. human resources framea. political frame
  7. 7Grey’s Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey’s have a strict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company’s dedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients’ through the salespeople’s clothing is part of the _____ frame of the organization. a. political b. symbolic c. structural d. human resourcesb. symbolic
  8. 8In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines.Rizatti Corp can be said to have a _____ organizational structure. a. project b. symbolic c. matrix d. functionald. functional
  9. 9In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs. a. project b. symbolic c. matrix d. functionala. project
  10. 10In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers. a. project b. symbolic c. matrix d. functionalc. matrix
  11. 11Project managers have the most authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. a. functional b. project c. matrix d. circularb. project
  12. 12Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. a. functional b. project c. matrix d. circulara. functional
  13. 13Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure? a. In a matrix organizational structure, employees are organized into departments according to their skills, and there is little interaction between employees from different departments. b. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from only a single functional area working on their projects. c. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority. d. A matrix organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.c. In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.
  14. 14_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization. a. Chain of command b. Line of control c. Organizational culture d. Organizational structurec. Organizational culture
  15. 15The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. a. member identity b. group emphasis c. people focus d. unit integrationc. people focus
  16. 16_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession. a. Member identity b. People focus c. Group emphasis d. Unit integrationa. Member identity
  17. 17. _____refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other. a. Member identity b. People focus c. Group emphasis d. Unit integrationd. Unit integration
  18. 18In organizational culture, people focus refers to _____. a. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment b. the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior c. the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization d. the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seekingc. the degree to which management’s decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization
  19. 19In organizational culture, means-end orientation refers to _____. a. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment b. the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior c. the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results d. the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seekingc. the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results
  20. 20_____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. a. Means-ends orientation b. Open-systems focus c. Conflict tolerance d. Risk toleranceb. Open-systems focus
  21. 21. In organizational culture, control refers to _____. a. the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment b. the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior c. the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results d. the degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, innovative, and risk seekingb. the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior
  22. 22_____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization. a. Top managers b. Functional managers c. Employees d. Competitorsd. Competitors
  23. 23A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. a. deliverable b. input c. system d. resourcea. deliverable
  24. 24Which of the following is true of the project life cycle? a. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest. b. In the later phases of the project life cycle, the level of uncertainty is usually the highest. c. It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases. d. More resources are usually needed during the initial phases of a project than during the middle or final phases.a. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.
  25. 25The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred to as _____. a. project feasibility b. project acquisition c. project implementation d. project close-outa. project feasibility
  26. 26A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of the work involved is created. a. implementation b. acquisition c. concept d. close-outc. concept
  27. 27In the development phase of the project life cycle: a. the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS. b. the project team delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. c. managers develop a business case, which describes the need for the project and basic underlying concepts. d. managers prepare a preliminary or rough cost estimate for the required work.a. the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thorough WBS.
  28. 28In the _____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. a. development b. implementation c. concept d. close-outb. implementation
  29. 29The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. a. spiral life cycle b. waterfall life cycle c. incremental build life cycle d. RAD life cycleb. waterfall life cycle
  30. 30The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. a. spiral life cycle b. RAD life cycle c. waterfall life cycle d. incremental build life cycled. incremental build life cycle
  31. 31In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously. a. RAD life cycle b. prototyping life cycle c. spiral life cycle d. incremental build life cycleb. prototyping life cycle
  32. 32The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation. a. incremental build life cycle b. waterfall life cycle c. RAD life cycle d. spiral life cyclec. RAD life cycle
  33. 33Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle? a. The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project b. A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated c. The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project d. The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminatedb. A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated
  34. 34Which of the following best describes outsourcing? a. An organization selling its products in a market outside its domestic market b. An organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source c. An organization setting up manufacturing and retailing facilities in a new country d. An organization’s use of virtual teams with employees located in different countriesb. An organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source
  35. 35Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams? a. Increased costs for office space and support b. Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information c. Limited flexibility in team working hours d. Reduced dependence on technology and processes for accomplishing workb. Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information
  36. 36Which of the following is true of virtual teams? a. It is easier for a virtual team to build relationships and trust. b. Negative incentives do not impact virtual team members. c. It is important to select team members carefully. d. As they never meet, virtual teams do not have conflicts.c. It is important to select team members carefully.
  37. 37Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development? a. In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration. b. An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible. c. Agile is a predictive model of software development. d. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.a. In the agile method, requirements and
    solutions evolve through collaboration.
  38. 38Project managers should lead projects in isolation in order to truly serve the needs of the organization. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  39. 39Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  40. 40Systems analysis addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  41. 41Project managers and their teams must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization instead of focusing on the immediate concerns of the project. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  42. 42When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  43. 43According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  44. 44Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  45. 45An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  46. 46Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  47. 47The project organizational structure is the most efficient choice for most IT projects. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  48. 48Most people believe that the underlying causes of many companies’ problems can be traced to its organizational structure. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  49. 49The same organization can have different subcultures. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  50. 50An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager's job more difficult a. True b. FalseFALSE
  51. 51Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  52. 52Internal stakeholders include groups affected by the project such as government officials or concerned citizens. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  53. 53Project managers must take adequate time to identify, understand, and manage relationships with all project stakeholders. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  54. 54The best way to sustain a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  55. 55Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  56. 56Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  57. 57It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  58. 58The last phase of the traditional project life cycle is the implementation phase. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  59. 59The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptive approach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  60. 60An organization usually commits more money as a project continues, therefore a management review should occur after each phase to evaluate progress, potential success, and continued compatibility with organizational goals. a. True b. FalseTRUE
  61. 61The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  62. 62The team members of a virtual team are all of the same nationality. a. True b. FalseFALSE
  63. 63Leadership style has no impact on the success of virtual teams. a. True b. FalseFALSE

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CIS 4375 Karteikarten am Chapter 2: The Project Management and Information Technology Context, erstellt von Technology Technology am 04/10/2018.
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