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Analysis of Human Performance Lecture Exam 2 Study Guide

Gelöschter Nutzer Der Nutzer hat seine Fachbereichs-Information gelöscht. Englisch 75 Karten

Analysis of Human Performance Lecture Exam 2 Study Guide

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  1. 1Elbow Joint3 bones, 3 ligaments, 2 Joints, 1 capsule
    3 bones = Humerus, Radius & Ulna
  2. 2Elbow Joint = 2 Joints#1. Trochlea of Humerus + Trochlear Notch of Ulna
    #2. Capitulum of Humerus + Head of Radius
  3. 3Elbow Joint MotionsHinge Joint = Flexion & Extension
    (0 - 150 degrees)
    **NO hyperextension (blocked by olecranon process in olecranon fossa)
  4. 4Radioulnar Joint2 bones, 2 articulations (proximal & distal)
  5. 5Radioulnar Joints = 2#1 Proximal = Head Radius pivot with Radial notch of Ulna
    #2 Distal = Ulnar notch of Radius rotates around head of Ulna
  6. 6Radioulnar Joint MotionPivot Joint = supination & pronation
    *Radius moves around the Ulna
    (0 - 90 degrees)
  7. 7Wrist Joint2 Joints
    1. Radiocarpal joint: distal radius + scaphoid, lunate & triquetrum)
    2. Mid-carpal joint: between two rows of carpal bones
  8. 8Wrist Carpal BonesWrist Carpal Bones
  9. 9Wrist Joint MovementMotions
    Flexion (0-80 degrees)
    Extension (0-70 degrees)
    Radial deviation/wrist abduction (0-20)
    Ulnar deviation/wrist adduction (0-30)
  10. 10Hand bonesHand bones
  11. 11Elbow JointElbow Joint
  12. 12Mid-carpal JointBetween the 2 rows of the carpals
    Proximal: scaphoid, lunate triquetrum, pisiform
    Distal: Trapezoid, trapezium, capitate, hamate
  13. 13Carpo-Metacarpal JointVery Little Movement in 2-5
    Joint helps shape hand for arches.
    **Very Important Joint for THUMB (saddle)
  14. 14Metacarpo-Phalangeal Joint (MCP)Knuckles
    2-5 Movement = flexion/extension & abduction/adduction
    * When fully flexed, abduction minimal
    Thumb = digit 1
  15. 15Interphalangeal JointsProximal = base of head of proximal phalanx + base of middle phalanx
    Distal = head of middle phalanx + base of distal phalanx
    Motions = flexion & extension
  16. 16Key Concept: Two Joint Principle MusclesCapacity to act on any joint it crosses.
    Any muscle that crosses a joint can act on it.
  17. 17Key Concept: Two Joint Principle Muscles continued....Position of one Joint can influence the action of another joint.
    EX: position of shoulder can impact what it does on the elbow.
  18. 18Two Joint Muscle ExamplesBiceps Brachii
    Origin: scapula
    Insertion: over elbow
    Primary function: elbow flexion forearm supination
    * can technically assist in shoulder flexion
  19. 19Two Joint Muscle ExampleTricpes Brachii
    Origin: scapula
    Insertion: olecranon surface of ulna
    Primary function: elbow extension
    * can act on shoulder joint and elbow joint
  20. 20Two Joint Muscle ExampleFlexor Digitorum Superficialis
    * crosses the elbow joint & wrist joint
    **can technically act on both joints
  21. 21Wrist Flexors OriginMedial epicondyle of Humerus
  22. 22Wrist Extensors OriginLateral epicondyle of Humerus
  23. 23Wrist Flexors & Extensors OriginWrist Flexors & Extensors Origin
  24. 24Muscle SynergistNon-specific term describing a muscle that works with one or more other muscles to enhance a particular motion.
  25. 25Synergist ExampleFlexor Carpi Ulnaris + Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
    ** Work together to create the motion:
    Ulnar Deviation
  26. 26Synergist ExamplesSynergist Examples
  27. 27Thenar EminenceNerve: Median Nerve
    Muscles:
    Flexor Pollicis brevis
    Abductor Pollicis brevis
    Opponens Pollicis
    Thumb side
  28. 28Thenar eminenceThenar eminence
  29. 29Hypothenar eminenceNerve: Ulnar nerve
    Muscles:
    Abductor Digiti Minimi
    Flexor digiti minimi brevis
    Opponens digiti minimi
    **Pinky side
  30. 30Hypothenar EminenceHypothenar Eminence
  31. 31Split Innervation MusclesFlexor Digitorum Profundus
    2nd & 3rd = Median Nerve
    4tth & 5th = Ulnar Nerve
  32. 32Split Innervation MusclesLumbricals
    #1 & #2 = Median Nerve
    #3 & #4 = Ulnar Nerve
  33. 33Interossei MusclesOrigin: Between Metacarpals
    Insertion: Proximal Phalanx
  34. 34Interossei MusclesDAB = 4
    Dorsal Interossei Muscles
    ABduct fingers @ MCP joint
  35. 35Interossei MusclesPAD = 3
    Palmar Interossei Muscles
    ADduct finers @ MCP joint
  36. 36Manual Muscle Testing GradingNone = 0 No visible or palpable contraction
    Trace = 1 Visible or palpable contraction; no ROM
    Poor = 2 Full ROM, gravity eliminated
    Fair = 3 Full ROM against gravity
    Good = 4 Full ROM against gravity, moderate resistance
    Normal = 5 Normal, Maximal resistance
  37. 37PrehensionUsing the hands for grasping, holding, and manipulating objects.
    2 Types: Power & Precision
  38. 38Prehension: Power GripObject held forcefully while being moved about by more proximal joint muscles.
    Example: holding a hammer/knob
  39. 39Prehension: Precision GripObject manipulated with a "finer type of movement"
  40. 40Prehension ComponentsReach: ability to approach an object in space.
    Grasp: ability to position & close hand around object.
    Manipulation: ability to move object while holding it.
    Release: ability to let go of object when desired.
  41. 41Types of Power Grips: Cylindrical Spherical Hook1. Cylindrical Grip: all fingers are flexed around an object & thumb is wrapped around the object in opposite directions.
    Ex: holding hammer or wheelbarrel
  42. 42Types of Power Grips2. Spherical Grasp: often involves palm in which all fingers & thumb are abducted.
    Ex: holding a ball or apple
  43. 43Types of Power Grips3. Hook Grip: involves 2nd - 5th fingers PIP & DIP flexed around object hook-like.
    Ex: holding a brief case
  44. 44Types of Precision Grips: Pincer Tripod Lateral Pinch Lumbrical1. Pincer Grasp: finger tips press against each other (tip to tip)
    Ex: picking up a coin
  45. 45Types of Precision Grips2. Tripod (3 Jaw Chuck): Thumb + 2nd and 3rd fingers
    Ex: holding a pencil
  46. 46Types of Precision Grips3. Lateral Grip (pad to side): pad of extended thumb pressing an object against radial side of index finger.
    Ex: holding a key or money between 1st and 2nd fingers
  47. 47Types of Precision Grips4. Pinch Grip: thumb and index finger
  48. 48Types of Precision Grips5. Lumbrical Grip: (plate grip) MCP flexed & PIP/DIP extended; object held in horizontal position.
    Ex: holding a plate
  49. 49Brachial PlexusNerve plexus that arises from C5 - T1.
    Serves: shoulder, chest, & arm (upper extremity)
    Both Motor & Sensory information
    Key Nerves: axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar
  50. 50Hand Photo: Intrinsic MusclesHand Photo: Intrinsic Muscles
  51. 51Elbow Joint Ligaments = 3Medial & Lateral Collateral Ligaments
    1. Stabilize elbow joint
    2. Prevent abduction & adduction of elbow joint
    Annular Ligament
    Hold radius close to ulna & stabilizes joint during supination & pronation; forms ring around radial head/attaches to ulna
  52. 52Carrying AngleLateral deviation of Ulna
    * Allows us to carry objects in the hand, away from the body
  53. 53Interosseous Membrane of Elbow JointHolds radioulnar articulations.
    Prevents separation of bones.
    Provides surface area for muscle attachments.
  54. 54Elbow & Radioulnar Anterior Muscles1. Biceps Brachii (musculocutaneous N.)
    2. Brachialis (musculocutaneous N.)
    3. Brachioradialis (radial N.)
    4. Pronator Teres (median N.)
    5. Pronator Quadratus (median N.)
  55. 55What do the Anterior Muscles have in common?1. biceps brachii & brachialis in anterior compartment.
    2. biceps brachii, brachialis, & brachioradialis flex elbow
    3. biceps brachii, brachialis & coracobrachialis innervated by musculocutaneous Nerve
  56. 56Other details of anterior arm muscles1. Biceps brachii & Brachioradialis supinate forearm
    2. Brachioradialis supinates/pronates from mid or neutral position
    3. Both pronators pronate the forearm
    4. Pronator teres is weak elbow flexor
  57. 57Posterior Muscles Extension & Supination1. Triceps brachii - elbow extension, weak shoulder extensor, forearm supinator
    2. Anconeus - elbow extension
    3. All posterior muscles innervated by radial nerve
  58. 58Anconeus Muscle: Elbow ExtensionAnconeus Muscle: Elbow Extension
  59. 59Supinator Muscle SupinationSupinator Muscle Supination
  60. 60Pronator Teres Pronate forearm/weak elbow flexionPronator Teres Pronate forearm/weak elbow flexion
  61. 61Pronator Quadratus Pronate forearmPronator Quadratus Pronate forearm
  62. 62Wrist Ligaments1. Radial Collateral Ligament
    2. Ulnar Collateral Ligament
    Both provide lateral/medial support of wrist joint.
  63. 63Wrist Ligaments continued...3. Palmer Radiocarpal Ligament - limits wrist from over extension.
    4. Dosral Radiocarpal Ligament - limits wrist from over flexion.
  64. 64Wrist Flexors1. Flexor Carpi Radialis = wrist flexion/radial deviation; Median Nerve
    2. Flexor Capri Ulnaris = wrist flexion/ulnar deviation; Ulnar Nerve
    3. Palmaris Longus = wrist flexion; Median Nerve (12% population missing this muscle)
  65. 65Wrist Extensors1. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis
    2. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
    All innervated by Radial Nerve.
    All have same origin on Lateral epicondyle of Humerus
  66. 66Hand Ligaments (Palmer and Transverse Carpal Ligaments)Flexor Retinaculum - spans anterior surface of wrist.
    Main function: hold tendons close to wrist; prevent from pulling away from wrist during wrist FLEXION.
    Also keeps carpals from spreading apart.
  67. 67Transverse Carpal Ligament **Hood for carpal tunnelArches over carpal bones forming tunnel through which MEDIAN nerve and NINE extrinsic flexor tendons, thumb, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor pollicis longus pass through.
  68. 68Arches of HandProximal carpal arch
    Distal carpal arch
    Longitudinal arch
    * responsible for cupped position of hand
    * contribute to function of various hand grasps
  69. 69Saddle Joint = Thumb Joint1st Metacarpal + Trapezium
  70. 70Thumb#1 Digit
    3 Joints, not 4
    1. CMC joint
    2. MCP joint
    3. IP joint
  71. 71Thumb MotionsFlexion
    Extension
    Abduction
    Adduction
    Opposition
  72. 72Intrinsic Hand MusclesOrigin/Insertion within hand.
    Small
    Fine motor movements.
    Thenar/Hypothenar Eminence included
  73. 73Lumbricles (Intrinsic)Flex MCP joint
    Extend PIP Joints
    Nerve innervation:
    * index/middle = median n.
    * ring/little = ulnar nerve
  74. 74Sensory Distribution of HandMedian Nerve: palmar surface of thumb, index, middle and radial side of ring
    Ulnar Nerve: palmar surface of ulnar side of ring and small fingers
    Radial Nerve: mostly dorsal surface of hand
  75. 75Carpal Tunnel SyndromeMedian Nerve entrapment

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Der Nutzer hat seine Fachbereichs-Information gelöscht. Karteikarten am Analysis of Human Performance Lecture Exam 2 Study Guide, erstellt von Gelöschter Nutzer am 01/12/2018.
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  • Erstellt von Robin Decker · 28 Okt 2018
  • Kopiert von Robin Decker · 1 Dez 2018
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