Karteikarten
Baroque Fall 2019 Final Exam
Karten in diesem Stapel (64)
- 11. Rubens continually had to do what to his paintings? 2. Upon delivering the paining, what would he do? 3. What three things are opposed by war? 4. What does the architect fallen on the ground symbolize? 5. What does the woman in black symbolize? What details make this symbolization come through? (2) 6. What was this artist personally committed to promoting in his art?Peter Paul Rubens, The Consequences of War, 1640, oil on canvas
1. Rework them for heads of state
2. Explain its meaning, the symbolism and the importance of peace, all in an elegant courtly manner
3. Fertility, procreation and tenderness
4. How cities are ruined by war
5. "Unhappy Europe" having suffered pillage and misery for years (lost her jewels, torn veil, etc.)
6. Promoting peace - 21. How is this much more open/loose than Caracci's classical landscape? (4)Peter Paul Rubens, The Rainbow Landscape, 1640, oil on panel
1. Less dependent on zig-zag patterns, more of an endless vista, more lighting effect/atmospheric exploration, feels more grounded in a particular place rather than an idealized pastoral past
- 3*no medium* 1. Student of who? 2. Considered one of the most successful ____ painters of the period; would travel from where to where? 3. How is his brushwork like Rubens? 4. What was his goal? 5. How is he portrayed as casual and relatable? (4) 6. He represents himself like a ____, how? 7. What Italian element of coolness is represented here? Through what is it represented? (2) 8. This artist created what pose?Anthony van Dyck, Self-Portrait, 1620
1. Student of Rubens
2. One of the most successful portrait painters of the period; would travel from court to court producing portraits
3. Used loose, painterly brushwork, almost gestural (like Rubens)
4. Goal was to use painterly brushwork in a way that was fashionable and brought out the best in his sitter
5. Casual relatability in the sitter through gesture, pose, facial expression and hair
6. He represents himself like a poet, leaning casually in study robes against a broken column
7. Sprezza turra; even the brushwork represents it, and his pose
8. Creates the "Baroque Elbow", a pose that plays with space through the jutting of the elbow
- 41. How is this in the style of Rubens' early work? (4) 2. How did this artist influence portraiture? 3. Why is there a servant included? 4. What does the object in her hand suggest? 5. The red umbrella emphasizes what?Anthony van Dyck, Elena Grimaldi, Marchesa Cattaneo, 1620, oil on canvas
1. In the style of Ruben's earlier paintings, because: lavish architecture, serious expression, rendered in 3/4 profile, extended landscape in the background
2. He influences portraiture by expanding upon Rubens
3. The servant emphasizes her status
4. The object in her hand suggests activity
5. The red umbrella emphasizes the rouge in her face
- 51. Traditional format for a ____ 2. Who is this figure? What is he the head of? 3. What does the steward below him emphasize? 4. The incorporation of the family crest emphasizes what? 5. What kind of power does this communicate? This was an increasingly popular way to represent ____Anthony van Dyck, Charles I with Monseigneur de St. Antoine, 1630, oil on canvas
1. Traditional format for a king
2. Head of English army
3. Horse walks through a triumphal arch (relates to Roman antiquity)
4. The steward below him emphasizes his status
5. The incorporation of the family crest emphasizes kingliness
6. Communicates military power, which was an increasingly popular way to represent kings
- 61. Developed the flower still-life to cater to who? 2. What was the viewer meant to do with this? 3. What type of mentality was this painting meant to cater to? 4. Each flower had been carefully ____ 5. What other types of objects were included? (4) 6. What do the dying flowers communicate? (2) 7. What "reminder of death" is on display here? (the term) and how is it part of a Christian attitude? 8. ____ exploration of flowers 9. Which two flowers are really rare, and what do they communicate together? 10. How is the artist saying he has conquered death? 11. How is the artist comparing himself to God?Jan Brueghel the elder, Flower Still Life, 1610, oil on copper
1. Developed the flower still-life to cater to high-minded art collectors
2. One was meant to stare at this and admire the degree of technical detail
3. It was a paint about "collecting" mentality, in which the objects were often compared to one another
4. Each flower had been carefully studied
5. Exotic shells, ancient coins, jewels, butterflies, etc.
6. Communicates the inevitability of death and the fading of beauty (through dying flowers)
7. Momento mori (reminder of death) is a Christian attitude - death is coming from you, prepare your soul now
8. Scientific exploration of flowers
9. The rare flowers on display communicate that the flowers were expensive (irises and tulips)
10. The artist is saying he's conquered death, because the real flowers will die, but his flowers will last forever
11. In a way, he's saying his creative powers are equal to God and in some respects can surpass them
- 71. What kind of painting is this? 2. This artist takes mundane objects and arranges them in different ways to create what? 3. In what ways is this more of an exploration rather than a painting with actual subjects? (2) 4. How does the artist show that they can mimic different materials effectively? (2) 5. What is included on the goblet if you look close? 6. This artist positions themselves as the new ____? (artist name)Clara Peeters, Still Life with Flowers and Goblets, 1610, oil on panel
1. Still-life
2. An enlivened pictorial experience
3. Exploring different lighting and using different objects in different positions
4. By placing different materials next to each other and incorporating highly polished, mirror-like elements to the goblet
5. Her self-portrait
6. Jan van Eyck
- 81. Constructed like a ___ painting, even though there's no narrative 2. What painting technique is used here? Describe that process and what it creates. 3. Why is this painting considered classical? (2) 4. What genre is this? (hint: German name) What does this genre refer to/include? 5. What two themes does the half-empty wine glass call to mind? 6. What two themes do the pocket watches/hourglasses symbolize? 7. What do the oysters symbolize? 8. What do the lobster and decaying leaves symbolize? 9. How does the meaning of the knocked-over glass change when placed next to the pocket watch? 10. How could all this food be interpreted as both a celebration of virtue or a warning of vice? 11. This painting is a device used to contemplate what?Jan Davidsz Heem, Still-Life with Lobster, c. 1650, oil on canvas
1. history painting
2. "Scumbling", when a stiff/dry brush dips into paint and is scraped across the surface, so tiny globs of paint get caught on the surface. It creates different textures.
3. Diagonal composition/asymmetrical organization of forms
4. Pronk Still-Life; means luxury still life, painted hyper precise with allegorical symbolism
5. Celebration, Christian virtue of not wanting to fully indulge/remember moderation
6. Moderation/time is running out
7. Sexuality/sensuality
8. Impending death
9. It could mean drunkenness, but placed next to the pocket watch, it suggests inevitability of death
10. It could be God's bounty/procreation, or sensuality/don't overindulge
11. Human nature
- 91. In what city did this artist work, and what was the socio-economic makeup of that city? What kind of art did they have a large appetite for? 2. This is considered as _____ still-life 3. What kind of still-life is this? 4. Evokes a sense of taste of what three things? 5. Extreme ____ is represented here, and it also uses what Caragavisti technique? 6. Influenced by (what country's) style 7. These paintings often include (what color) backgrounds and objects placed on ledges made of what? (2) 8. Objects divided into 3 distinct units might call to mind what?Francisco de Zurbarán, Still Life with Lemons, Oranges, and a Rose, 1630, oil on canvas
1. Seville, Spain; lots of wealthy merchants and art patrons had an appetite for still-life
2. Classical still-life
3. Breakfast piece
4. Sweetnees, sourness, and floral
5. Symmetry/tenebrism
6. Italian
7. Black packgrounds; objects placed on wooden or stone ledges
8. Holy Trinity
- 101. This is called a ____ painting 2. This saint is being depicting in the middle of his what? What is going on here? 3. How does this feel like a still-life? (3) 4. This is mean to evoke _____, rather than ____ 5. How does this piece resemble the art of Caravaggio? (3) 6. What place was this produced for? What was held in this place? 7. How does this lack traditional dramatic Baroque qualities? 8. The simplicity is meant to magnify what? 9. The scrap of paper is exercising what kind of effect? What does it allow the viewer to understand?Francisco de Zurbarán, St. Serapion, 1630, oil on canvas
1. This is called a history painting
2. His martyrdom; he has been tied to a tree by the Moors and left to die
3. Muted color, sad sentimentality, rigid symmetry
4. Meant to evoke pity rather than drama
5. Non-idealized, awkward pose, lighting/tenebristic
6. A monastery on the outskirts of Seville; the saint's relics were held there
7. More reductive; simple
8. An emotional response
9. Trompe d'oiel; understand the flatness of the painting
- 111. Evocative of (artist), but also of Bernini's _____ ______ 2. Describe how we get a sense of the subject's personality (4) 3. What is the assumed storyline? 4. This man looks like he was dropped into the middle of a ____-___ painting 5. Evocative of what kinds of tastes? (3) 6. This is part of a series of five paintings about what? 7. Figures are not elite and the still-life is no longer allegorical; instead, the figures are ___ and the point of the painting is ____ 8. What quality about the man is being emphasized? How does it invite us but also make us realize that it is sinful?Jusepe de Ribera, Taste, c. 1620, oil on canvas
1. Evocative of Caravaggio, but also Bernini's sitting portraits
2. His mouth is open, he's gesturing, casually turning his head, leaning back in his chair
3. He's just gone to the market and picked up food for a meal
4. Still-life
5. Fishy, salty, sugary
6. The five senses
7. Figure is poor/rough and it's more of a moralizing take
8. He's emphasized as being gluttonous (buttons popping; double chin), which evokes the theme of "ugly" or "slovenly" which is interpreted as sinful. But it's also inviting because there's an element of humor in how he appears happy and drunk
- 121. How does the positioning of the cane and the fact that this is a full-length portrait invert social expectation? (2) 2. The bright outdoor landscape/full-length figure portrait was typically only reserved for who? 3. The horizon line is low or high? 4. What is the overall theme here? What is he smiling in spite of? 5. He's holding the cane to pretend he is what? What does this add to? 6. What does his note say/allude to? 7. What is this painting supposed to evoke or make people do? How is it a "strategic" painting?Jusepe de Ribera, Boy with a Club Foot, 1640, oil on canvas
1. It gives him a position of authority that is unexpected, given his social standing
2. Royalty
3. Low
4. Sentimentality; he's smiling in spite of his ailment
5. To pretend he is a soldier, which adds to the sentimentality
6. Says "give me alms for the love of God", meaning he can't read
7. Meant to evoke charity, which is a Catholic work of mercy that is required by the faithful to get into heaven
- 13*definitely on exam* 1. Produced __ ___ 2. What does the title describe? Who is the little girl? 3. Why is the painter allowed to be in the painting? 4. How is this a genre painting? 5. Why is the painter allowed to be in the painting (second reason - what's on his shirt) 6. Where was this hung and who was allowed to look at it? 7. Painter's eye contact with viewer shows what?Diego Velázquez, Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), 1660, oil on canvas
1. Produced on spec
2. "Las Meninas" describes the maids attending to the little girl, who is the princess (daughter of King and Queen of Spain)
3. He includes himself in the painting, which is allowed b/c he's showing himself performing as the court painter
4. The princess is posed but it's a genre painting because they're all together
5. Order of Santiago featured on DV, which shows he's an aristocrat and can appropriately be featured in the painting
6. Hung in the king's private apartments (only the king or queen can look at it)
7. painter's eye contact with viewer shows his high status
- 141. Where was this sketched and then where was it painted? 2. Why has this figure worn brigth clothing? 3. What about the artist held him back from becoming a nobleman? 4. He became trusted at _____ court (city)Diego Velázquez, Philip IV (The “Fraga” Portrait), 1640, oil on canvas
1. Sketched this during a military trip and took it back to his studio to paint
2. Dressed in bright clothing to be easily identified
3. He is an aristocrat, but not a nobleman at court; being Jewish holds him back
4. Becomes trusted at Madrid Court
- 151. What kind of painting is this? (German term) What is meant to enact from the viewer? 2. Who was this artist influenced by? 3. How can we tell this boy is poor? (2)Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, The Young Beggar, c. 1650, oil on canvas
1. "Gamin" - child in poverty, meant to enact sympathy from the viewer and thus charity
2. Caravaggio
3. Rotton fruit/tattered clothing
- 161. How is this woman more relatable? 2. What figure does this reference?Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Immaculate Conception of the Escorial, c. 1660, oil on canvas
1. resembles more of a village girl and is thus less idealized and more relatable
2. References our lady of Guadalupe, the Mexican Catholic virgin
- 17*no medium* 1. Name three keys details about this. (hint: what sorts of rooms/details did it include) 2. Filled with expensive _____ and elaborate ____ on the inside 3. How is this propagandistic architecture? What does it say about Louis XIV?Louis Le Vau, Vaux-le-Vicomte, 1660
1. Massive complex that included stables, surrounded by a moat, featured a large elliptical gallery that shows views of the background gardens
2. Filled with very expensive marble and elaborate columns
3. A dome painted to look like the daytime sky; speaks to the godlike power of Louis XIV and his ability to control nature through architecture
- 181. What was Versailles before? Louis XIV wanted to renovate it to use it for what? (2) 2. Made it mandatory for the entire French ____ to be at court. Why? How did he accomodate them? 3. Hosted ___ every day and ____ every night; everyone had to be in attendance 4. How did different fruit trees show up everyday? What was this meant to suggest about Louis XIV? 5. Why were there no French pitched roofs? (2) 6. Describe the different sorts of rooms (4) 7. What were the large reflecting pools outside used for? 8. Where was Louis XIV's bedroom located? 9. Why were mirrors placed in the Hall of Mirrors (2) 10. Louis XIV bought what industry and moved it to Versailles?Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Louis Le Vau, Versaiiles, 1670
1. It was a pleasure palace outside of Paris meant for royalty/members of aristocracy to hunt or relax
2. Aristocracy, because if he kept them at Versailles, they couldn't be home consolidating their power; and if he kept them busy at Versailles, they wouldn't have time to come up with opposing political beliefs. He built the palace, massive gardens, and basically a new city with apartments for all of them.
3. Banquets; parties
4. Meant to suggest he had magical powers; the fruit trees would be switched in the night
5. To make it look more italian and he was willing to cover teh whole roof in lead
6. Entertainment halls, apartments for king or queen, private theatre, stable
7. To stage theatrical plays of famous naval battles
8. In the center of the building/the entire Versailles countryside
9. To double the light and play upon the vanity of the aritocracy, so they woudn't come up with opposing political beliefs
10. Venetian mirror indsutry
- 19*definitely on exam* 1. What kind of art is this? It was part of __(#)__ series 2. How did this artist raise public excitement? 3. Was this is a specific military event? What was it based on? 4. What was this meant to promote, and how did that run contrary to the French military? 5. How did militaries sustain themselves? 6. What is happening here? 7. What are the priests doing?Jacques Callot, The Great Miseries of War (Les Grandes Misères de la Guerre), 1630, etching, The Hanging Tree
1. Collection of engravings, part of 2 series
2. Figured out collectors and what the best time would be to release each page, to raise public excitement
3. Not a specific military event, but based on France's military issues in his hometown
4. Mean to promote peace by criticizing this militaries of war and how it results in the suffering of common people/this ran contrary to the ambitions of the French military
5. Military would travel through town and rape/pillage/murder/steal to sustain themselves
6. Men are being arrested and hung on a tree in a systamic execution
7. Priests showing them the cross so its the last thing they see before death
- 201. Style becomes less ____ and more ____ (both are artists' names) 2. The angels are informed by ______, ____ details 4. This artist set up an organization modeled after what?Simon Vouet, Presentation of Christ in the Temple, 1640, oil on canvas
1. Style becomes less Caravaggio and more Caracci
2. Angels above are informed by naturalistic, still-life details
3. He set up an organization modeled after the Academy of Bologna
- 211. Who is being played? Why? 2. What is the woman pouring the wine doing? 3. What are the other figures doing? 4. The figures are more _____ (style)Georges de La Tour, The Cheat with the Ace of Diamonds, c. 1630, oil on canvas
1. The man on the right is being played/dressed up and advertising his wealth, he is young and naive
2. The woman pouring the wine is looking at his cards
3. The woman in the middle makes a gesture to the other man, who then pulls out an ace
4. Figures are more idealized
- 221. What is shocking about the tenebrism in this painting? 2. What is assumed to be behind the skull? 3. What is she touching with both hands, and what is this called? (italian term) 4. What does the mirror suggest? 5. What do the book suggest? 6. What three things is she contemplating? 7. Why is she sighing? 8. What does her touching the skulls' eye sockets suggest?Georges de La Tour, The Penitent Magdalene, c. 1640, oil on canvas
1. Shocking tenebrism because there is literal blackness to the painting
2. Assumed oil lamp behind the skull
3. Touching 2 skulls with both hands is a momento mori
4. Mirror represents vanity and the celebration of one's beauty being a vice
5. Books = great dead men
6. Contemplating sensuality, her own beauty, and death
7. Moment of drama when she sighs in intense sadness at the fact that beauty will die
8. Touching the eye sockets of the skull suggests sight and thus vanity
- 231. What two words describe this how this artist tried to make his paintings? He tried to make his paintings like _____, not poetry. 2. Uses primary colors to do what two things? 3. What specific genre of literature did the artist use to inform his subjects? 4. These are considered ___ paintings, because they emulate what? (specific) 5. In a way, the painting serves as a stand-in to what? 6. Bodies are idealized in ancient matter; how did the artist do this? 7. Describe how this painting has emotion and yet isn't emotional.Nicolas Poussin, The Death of Germanicus, 1630, oil on canvas
1. Scholarly and classical. Tried to make them like literature, not poetry
2. Denote the important figures and allow the viewer to easily read the work.
3. Ancient histories
4. History paintings, because they emulate fact-based study of the ancient world
5. Stand-in of ancient historical text
6. He directly observed ancient statuary
7. It isn't supposed to be expressive or make us feel emotional, but emotion is present so that we can tell who's happy, who's sad, etc.
- 241. Opportunity to show _____Nicolas Poussin, The Rape of the Sabine Women, 1630, oil on canvas
1. Opportunity to show writhing bodies
- 251. This is a ___ painting. Why? 2. This artist like what other artist's landscape style? 3. Is this a real sequence of events taken from history? Why or why not? 4. The idealized Italian landscape is often the setting for what? 5. What "saying" is attached to this painting? (hint: it's the english version of the title) 6. What place does this depict; where is often found and what is it supposed to be? Is it real? 7. What is going on here? 8. What is a momento mori and how does it relate to the subject of this piece? How does it relate to the woman - what could she possibly be?Nicolas Poussin, Et in Arcadia Ego, 1640, oil on canvas
1. This is a history painting because it's allegorical
2. Caracci
3. No, it's more of an exploration of idea
4. Ancient lyrical poetry
5. Even in Arcadia, I exist
6. Arcadia appears in ancient poetry; it's a mythical pastoral paradise that may be a specific place or just an allegorical idea
7. They're trying to figure out who wrote this on the stone; one man is touching it, the other is pointing, etc.
8. It's an ever-present reminder of the inevitability of death, even in paradise. The woman may be a personification of death, and the man whose shoulder she holds may be the only one who can see her, or he's dying and has just realized what this means?
- 261. What are attributes of a classical landscape? (6) 2. This artist has a lot of nostalgia for what? What does he reimagine it as? 3. This is considered a _____ scene 4. How do we see the oncoming threat of winter? (2)Nicolas Poussin, Autumn, 1660, oil on canvas
1. Typically springtime, looks pastoral, framed by trees, makes use of ancient buildings, figures dressed in ancient clothing, zig zag of natural landscape
2. The ancient world; reimagines it as a perfect place
3. Harvest scene
4. The barren mountain tops and clouds in the distance
- 271. How did this artist formalize the classical landscape to have more rigorous standards? (1 thing, 2 details about it) 2. What was this artist interested in exploring? Which two previous artists never really explored this technique? 3. Through this technique, it is supposed to generate a mood or feeling of what? What is the term for this? 4. This is not a ____ painting 5. This artists' paintings were used as ____, because it allowed people to feel like they were traveling the world 6. Why is there no narrative?Claude Lorrain, The Mill, 1630, oil on canvas
1. Attention to ancient historical accuracy in terms of architecture and the behavior of figures
2. Lighting effects, never explored by Caracci or Poussin
3. A mood or feeling of what a place is like; "lyrical poetry", which suggests mood or feeling
4. History
5. Wallpaper
6. Because it's an exploration of lighting effects
- 281. How did this artist formalize the classical landscape to have more rigorous standards? (1 thing, 2 details about it) 2. What was this artist interested in exploring? Which two previous artists never really explored this technique? 3. Through this technique, it is supposed to generate a mood or feeling of what? What is the term for this? 4. This is not a ____ painting 5. This artists' paintings were used as ____, because it allowed people to feel like they were traveling the world 6. Why is there no narrative?Claude Lorrain, Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba, 1650, oil on canvas
1. Attention to ancient historical accuracy in terms of architecture and the behavior of figures
2. Lighting effects, never explored by Caracci or Poussin
3. A mood or feeling of what a place is like; "lyrical poetry", which suggests mood or feeling
4. History
5. Wallpaper
6. Because it's an exploration of lighting effects
- 29*(date) - (date) 1. Very ____ 2. This woman is adapted from a woman featured in what? 3. Standardizes the depiction of ____ _____ in paintingsCharles Le Brun, Expression Study: Admiration with Astonishment, 1660-90, drawing
1. Very formulaic
2. Adapted from a woman in the back of a previous painting
3. Emotional expression in paintings
- 301. This is a ____ painting 2. Describe the techniques/details this artist uses (4) 3. These paintings are used to promote who? What is it meant to suggest about this figure? (2) 4. What does this emphasize about Alexander the Great? (3) 5. Shows what an ancient Persian ____ would've looked like 6. How does this show a variety of emotions? (4) How is this resembling the art theory of Poussin?Charles Le Brun, The Tent of Darius (The Queens of Persia at the Feet of Alexander the Great), 1660, oil on canvas
1. This is a history painting
2. Attention to detail, full-length figures, primary colors used to draw attention, easily read display of emotion through facial expression and pose
3. Louis XIV. Meant to suggest that he has the same leading style of Alexander the Great and is of the same status; also suggests France is like the empire of Alexander the Great
4. He's generous, educated by Aristotle, civilized Greek man who doesn't rape/murder women
5. ancient Persian battle
6. Figures bending in shame, figures crying, worried figures, shocked figures; it's clear, accurate, systematically-taught emotions
- 311. Starts to exclusively paint instead of ____ 2. What types of messages are often found at the heart of Dutch paintings? What is the message here? 3. Describe the woman's body. What was it likely drawn from? 4. The coloration/texture of the skin suggest an influence of studying what? 5. Danae's pose and the subject matter suggest this artist's familiarity of which other artist's sleeping nude?Hendrick Goltzius, Danaë, 1600, oil on canvas
1. Starts to exclusively paint instead of engrave
2. Moral messages are often found at the heart of Dutch paintings; this one says that we are all able to be corrupted, we just all have a different price
3. Danae's body is erotic and inspired by live nude models
4. marble statuary
5. Goltzius's familiarity of Titian's sleeping nude is echoed in the pose and subject matter
- 321. The brushwork is _____ 2. How is Rederjiker imagery displayed? (4) 3. Who is the man behind her, and what types of food does he carry? (3) What does all that food reference? 4. What does the man in the other corner have on his head? What gesture is he making? 5. An image that makes fun of ____, ___ and ____ 6. "_____ ____" scenes were this artist's speciality - he painted images of people having a good time 7. Painted _____ly, full of spontaneityFrans Hals, Shrovetide Revelers, c. 1620, oil on canvas
1. Brushwork is painterly
2. Rederjiker imagery on display through the larger beer in the front, the placement of oysters/sausages, the bagpipe, the female figure (young man in drag) who is being fawned over by unruly men
3. The man behind her is a clown-like character who carries food that are references to genitalia, like sausages, onions, salted fish, etc.
4. Man in the corner makes sexual gesture with his hands; giant bratwurst hangs on his head
5. An image that's making fun of itself, the actors and the ideas
6. "Merry Company" scenes were Hals' speciality - he painted images of people having a good time
7. Painted quickly, full of spontaneity
- 331. The identities of the ____ became less clear later on in the decade 2. How do we as the viewer feel we're participating in the scene? 3. How can we tell he's drunk? (3) 4. He's supposed to come across as what? (2) 5. What two objects seem to vibrate at the edge? 6. Why was this painted quickly?Frans Hals, The Merry Drinker, c. 1630, oil on canvas
1. The identities of the rederjikers become less clear later on in the decade
2. The man offers wine to us, like we're participating in the scene
3. He's clearly drunk with ruddy cheeks, careless hat, slightly unfocused eyes
4. He's supposed to come across as relaxed and a little clownish
5. The hat seems to vibrate at the age, and so does the hand
6. Painted quickly and spontaneously to minimize the risk (this is a new genre, has not been fully accepted in the art market)
- 341. Who is this portraying? (vague) 2. What kind of portrait is this? 3. How does their gesture suggest familiarity with each other?Frans Hals, Isaac Massa and Beatrix van der Laen, c. 1620
1. Wealthy young married couple
2. Double portrait
3. Having an intimate embrace, suggesting familiarity
- 351. What is this woman's name, and what does her name mean? 2. Who was she? 3. How is she characterized? Is the painting honoring her or making fun of her? 4. What does the owl symbolize? What do owls tend to symbolize?Frans Hals, Malle Babbe, 1630, oil on canvas
1. Malle means crazy, and Babbe means Babette
2. Character known to inhabit Dutch streetlife
3. Characterized as an unruly, excitable person; the painting makes fun of her
4. Owls tend to symbolize knowledge, but in this painting, it is meant to symbolize ignorance or craziness
- 361. why was this cut-down? 2. How is Cupid depicted? 3. What is different about how Danae is portrayed in her reaction? What does it suggest? 4. This artist favored a female body that didn't adhere to ______, but instead appeared vulnerable and ___ 5. This painting was attacked by what in its museum?Rembrandt van Rijn, Danae, 1640, oil on canvas (photo before attack)
1. cut-down to fit into another frame
2. Cupid is bound and crying
3. Danae is awake and surprised and happy, suggesting a more assertive engagement with the arrival of Zeus
4. Favored a female body that didn't adhere to beauty standards, but appeared vulnerable and real
5. Attacked by acid in a museum
- 371. This artist painted portraits of who in the Amsterdam community? (general) 2. What would this painting decorate? 3. Was there a medical school in Amsterdam? What, instead, did this painting commemorate? 4. What is happening here? 5. Who is the corpse? What two parts of the painting were removed by Rembrandt b/c they were too distracting? 6. Arranges the figures in a grand ___ manner 7. There is a classical formal nature to this, but Rembrandt isn't a classical painter. Give 2 reasons why 8. Gave these prominent society men a sense of ____ and ____ 9. Who paid for this? How was payment determined?Rembrandt, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, 1630, oil on canvas
1. Painted portraits of prominent members of the Amsterdam community
2. This was one of many paintings that would decorate the anatomical theatre in one of the main city squares
3. No medical school in Amsterdam; they would just have an annual dissection and had a general interest in anatomy
4. Tulp demonstrates the dissection of the tendons in the arm
5. The body is that of a known-criminal who had his hand chopped off, but Rembrandt removed it b/c it would've been distracting - same with the man at the top, who used to have a hat
6. Arranges the figures in a grand historical manner
7. There is a classical formal nature, but he isn't a classical painter - because the poses aren't elaborate or idealized, and his subjects almost never take place in the ancient world
8. Gave these prominent society men a sense of narrative and pride
9. paid for by the men who elected to be shown in the painting; payment depended upon if you were bust-size, full length, etc.
- 381. This was a _____ painting, or a _____ painting, used to popularize what types of buildings? 2. How important was this to the artist's career? (how expensive) 3. Depicts a social club for who? 4. What are the figures walking over/out to? Why don't we see that? 5. What steps of gunfire are included in the background? What does this suggest? 6. Who is the angel girl, and how do we read her as a mascot or spirit? 7. What do the chicken's legs suggest? 8. Explain how the shadow hand is a framing device. 9. What do we see on the man's jacket when looking closer? What does this suggest?Rembrandt van Rijn, “The Night Watch”, 1640, oil on canvas
1. This was a "company painting" or "militia painting," used to popularize public halls in Dutch cities
2. Most expensive painting he ever sold
3. A social club for powerful, prominent men
4. Painting was cut down extensively over time, but the figures are walking over a bridge into the streets of Amsterdam
5. Includes the steps of loading, charging, and firing a musket in the background; they are positioned next to each other and wearing 100-year old helmets, suggests this might be a symbolic space
6. Angel-like girl has a dead chicken hanging from her belt, suggesting she might be a spirit or a mascot
7. The chicken's legs are prominantly framed, in Dutch, this might relate to the "clovenairs"
8. There is a beautifully rendered hand sticking out, with a shadow that casts perfectly on the man's jacket; the shadow hand is a framing vice to point out the elements of embroidery
9. Looking closer, we see the Crest of Amsterdam, which shows civic loyalty
- 391. This artist painted lots of genre scenes of what? 2. Where did they usually take place? How did he denote the figures as different? 3. In addition to being an artist, what was he also? How can we tell? 4. How does her gesture suggests balance/composition? 5. How is his familiarity with optical devices suggested here? 6. What was his city and what was it known for? 7. What is this woman doing? How does the painting in the background suggest a theme? 8. What does the mirror suggest? 9. There's nothing on the scale, so what does that suggest she's doing?Johannes Vermeer, Woman Holding a Balance, c. 1660, oil on canvas
1. Vermeer painted lots of genre scenes of female protagonists doing domestic activities
2. Usually in the same room (his studio), in the same corner, dressed differently to make it seem like a different woman
3. The paintings that appear in his paintings were pieces that he owned; he was an art dealer too
4. Perfect pyramid between her raised hand and the table, suggests balance and composition
5. He paints blurry, as if the image is out of focus, revealing his familiarity with optical devices
6. His city of Delft was known for the local lens grinding, which informs his paintings
7. Here, the woman who uses the scales to weigh her jewels, the Last Judgment is taking place in the background, suggests that what she is weighing is something more contemplative and spiritual
8. She also stands in front of a mirror that she doesn’t look at, rejection of vanity
9. There’s also nothing in the scale, suggesting she might be contemplating the weight of something non-tangible (soul of her unborn child maybe)
- 401. Where is this? 2. What is that map in the back, and what does it suggest? 3. How is this different from what this artist normally does? 4. Who is the model pretending to be? 5. What kind of painting is this, and what kind of imagery is it? Is this normal for this artist? 6. What is strange about their clothing? 7. Who is the painter in the painting?Johannes Vermeer, The Art of Painting, c. 1670, oil on canvas
1. his studio
2. Old-fashiond map of Holland, suggesting a nostalgic return to a unified Netherlands
3. Different than what he usually does because it isn't a genre painting
4. The model is taking on the guise of "Cleo", the muse of history
5. This is a history/allegorical painting, with poetic imagery (this isn't his normal style of painting)
6. The clothing is antiquated
7. He has potentially imagined himself in his own painting
- 411. What innovative pose is shown here, and who created that? 2. What is the blank expression meant to show? (i.e. what is the term, and describe what it was) 3. What could be achieved through this "term"? (2) 4. How was it also an expression of power?Anthony van Dyck, Le Roi à la Chase, 1630, oil on canvas
1. Baroque arm; Anthony van Dyck
2. The blank expression is meant to show a control of emotion, called "Neo-Stoicism". It was a way of living your life by rejecting pleasure and focusing on the austere
3. You could minimize trauma and sadness; it was also a way of diagnosing depression, as in by removing yourself from pleasure, you could be in control of your body/mind and achieve a sort of peace
4. Through Neo-stoicism, you could control other people's emotions as well, so it's also an expression of power
- 42Still-lifes were produced to be beautiful, but also to what? Why was there an increased subtlety to these paintings?represent greater allegorical themes/ideas
The symbolism becomes more ambigious because the public wanted a less obvious, more difficult challenge to figuring out what life meant - 43At this point, what is the largest empire in the world? What was being enforced there?Spain
Counter-Reformation - 44Still lifes were evocative of ____ or ____ They could also depict ______taste or landscapes
seasons - 45Jusepe Ribera 1. Rendered religious figures as if they were what? (i.e. it was a _____ adaptation of a traditional saint icon) 2. Describe the details of how these characters were rendered (4) 3. How was it Caragavesti? (3) 4. Ribera was Spanish, but spent his career where? 5. He is said to have taken great pleasure painting ___ things1. Rendered religious figures as if they were regular men (it was a popular genre, to have a humanist adaptation of a traditional saint icon)
2. Awkward poses, interesting faces, non-idealized, tattered clothing
3. Harsh lighting, dark background, placement of figure directly against picture plane
4. Naples
5. Ugly things - 46Velazquez was inspired by what two artists?Velazquez was inspired by Caravaggio and Ribera
- 47Peter Paul Rubens 1. Ran a giant art factory where? 2. Why did he travel extensively? (3) 3. Politically affiliated with who? 4. Why did he have access to courts that the Spaniards were in conflict with? What did this allow him to do? (3) 5. Describe Rubens in two words1. Ran a giant "art factory" out of his mansion in Antwerp
2. Traveled extensively to network and ensure high-profile projects with wealthy/royalty; was also sent as a diplomat, because he was a subject of the Spanish Empire
3. Politically affiliated with leaders/allies of the Spanish empire
4. So likeable that he had access to many courts that the Spaniards were in conflict; allowed him to promote Spanish ideologies and spy for the Spanish and promote peace
5. Courtly/elegant - 48All great portrait painters for the next 200 years base their portraitures off whose?Anthony Van Dyck
- 49Amsterdam: - the art market in the netherlands reoirents itself to produce imagery for who? (vague) The dutch are interested in what two things? Why did Amsterdam have extensive trade connections? What was the religion in Amsterdam?Art market in the Netherlands reorients itself to produce imagery for "everyone else"
Dutch are interested in peace/independence
Had extensive trade connections because many of the inhabitants had been pushed out of their respective countries
None, you could be protestant, catholic, etc.
Could be protestant or Catholic - 50Goltzius: What two themes does he incorporate into his paintings, and what does each one mean? (hint: they're both in dutch)“naar het leven” (afterlife)
- Naturalistic
“uyt den gheest” (out from the spirit)
- From the imagination - 51Rederikers 1. what does this stand for in English 2. Who joined these clubs and what did they do? In what country did this occur? 3. One of the few social groups that survived the _____1. Rhetoric/public speaking
2. Men who would recite poetry together, perform music, put on skits, and get drunk in the Netherlands
3. Reformation - 521. What kind of art is this? It was part of __(#)__ series 2. How did this artist raise public excitement? 3. Was this is a specific military event? What was it based on? 4. What was this meant to promote, and how did that run contrary to the French military? 5. How did militaries sustain themselves? 6. What's happening here? How can we identify the soldiers?Jacques Callot, The Great Miseries of War (Les Grandes Misères de la Guerre), 1630, etching, Pillaging of a Farmhouse
1. Collection of engravings, part of 2 series
2. Figured out collectors and what the best time would be to release each page, to raise public excitement
3. Not a specific military event, but based on France's military issues in his hometown
4. Mean to promote peace by criticizing this militaries of war and how it results in the suffering of common people/this ran contrary to the ambitions of the French military
5. Military would travel through town and rape/pillage/murder/steal to sustain themselves
6. The inn is being pilleaged/the soldiers are identified by their hats
- 53Ut pictura poesis What does this mean and who wrote it?Horace
The Art of Poetry - 54liefhebber means _____lover
- 55What is a memento mori?an object serving as a warning or reminder of death, such as a skull.
- 56What is "pronk" still-life?Fancy/ornate still life that was all about the display of food
- 57What is reflexy-konst? Give an example.Study of light and its reflection from different surfaces (ex: Clara Peeters / when she shows her own reflection)
- 58VanitasEmploying worldly possessions and other symbols to remind viewer not to focus on earthly things, but on the more important after life / vanity / beauty is meaningless
- 59"Religious Portrait"Symbolism found in still life (ex: Zurbarán's allegorical paintings)
- 60what is a buren?a steel tool used for engraving in copper or wood.
- 61Who were te Poussinistes? What did they beleive was most important about art, and who were the opposites of them?Poussinistes who were a group of French artists, named after the painter Nicolas Poussin, who believed that drawing was the most important thing. On the other side were the Rubenistes (Fr. Rubénistes), named after Peter Paul Rubens, who prioritize color.
- 62What is the kloveniersdoelen?musketeer shooting range in Amsterdam
- 63What is a camera obscura?a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography.
- 64—
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- Karteikarten am Baroque Fall 2019 Final Exam, erstellt von Erin Ambrose am 05/12/2019.
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