Karteikarten
Thinking Through Communication Chapter 4
Karten in diesem Stapel (55)
- 1Languagea rule-governed symbol system that allows us to generate meaning and define reality
- 2signthe vehicle to express the ideas that originate in people’s minds
consists ouf of: signified and signifier - 3signifiedprivate idea in a person's mind
- 4signifierthe idea is expressed (spoken sounds)
- 5symbola type of sign, it can be arbitrary (random) or conventional
- 6arbitrary symbolno connection between idea and signifier
- 7conventional symbolmeaning of symbol depends on social agreement (middle finger etc.)
- 8linguistic productivityability to understand and create unusual sentences
shows that language learning is more than a matter of trial and error - 9Saphir-Whorf hypothesisif we think and remember linguistically, then the nature of language effects the nature of our thoughts
- 10linguistic determinismtheory that language determines thoughts
- 11linguistic relativitytheory that people from different languages view the world differently
- 12euphemismsterms and inoffensive words to avoid stress ("downsizing" instead of "cutting off")
- 13dialectssubgroup speaking a language using different words
- 14pidginssimple language for foreigners to communicate with locals
- 15creolesoccurs when a pidgin becomes permanent (for example in Haiti)
- 16lingua francaspeople speaking different languages choose one trade language
- 17jargonspecial words and terms used by profession groups
- 18argotwords whose meanings have been changed ( stoff = gras)
"secret" language - 19taboowords that are unacceptable in a polite society (nigger etc.)
- 20neologismsnew words that are in the process of entering a language
- 21reappropriationtrying to change the meaning of existing words
- 22Subsystems of language Phonologystudy of significant sound patterns of a language
(the sound of language) - 23phonemesperceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another (Bier - Tier)
(smallest unit) - 24Subsystems of language semanticsthe words (meaning system) of language
- 25morphemesmallest unit of meaning in a language
- 26free morphemeequivalent to words, has meaning on its own
- 27bound morphememust always stand with other morphemes, does not make sense on its own
- 28lexiconbook of all the words in a language
- 29syntacticsstudy of sentence structure in a language
- 30pragmaticsstudy of language in social context
the study of ways in which people use language forms to achieve goals in social contexts - 31speech actgoal someone wants to accomplish through speech
- 32Coordinated Management of Meaning Theory (CMM)framework for understanding how individuals use context to assign pragmatic meaning
- 33episodesituation we find ourselves in during interaction
- 34relationshiprole obligation we feel towards one another
- 35life scriptour professional or personal identity
- 36cultural patterncultural patterns we share with others
- 37discourse stylewe use it moving from one situation to the other
- 38discourselanguage larger than a single sentence
- 39conversation interactionrather private
- 40classroom interactionrather public, more formal and impersonal with equal distribution of power
- 41conversationrelatively informal social interaction, where roles of speaker and hearer are constantly changed
- 42rapport talkrelationally oriented talk (women use it more)
- 43report talktask-oriented talk (men use it more)
- 44tag questionswords like: right? okay?
- 45qualifierswords like: maybe, perhaps, probably
- 46disclaimerswords like: now don't get me wrong etc.
- 47performative aspects of languageway to avoid making the mistake of viewing male/female differences as essential
- 48low contextnot reading between the lines -> direct
- 49high-contextreading between the lines -> indirect
- 50ambiguous languagecan be interpreted in more than one way
- 51equivocal communicationanother term for ambiguous communication
- 52immediacy languagepersonalized language, it can be very effective in persuasion situations. Finding balance between familiarity and polite defense
- 53trouble talkmen help men with their problems by giving solutions, women relate to women by discussing similiar problems
- 54Immediacy Languagepersonalized language, it can be very effective in persuasive situations. It’s about finding a balance between familiarity and polite defense
- 55Abstractioncreating general categories, it is a synthesis of what many of something has in common. Abstracting = making it less real
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- Communication Karteikarten am Thinking Through Communication Chapter 4, erstellt von Katja Marlene am 05/01/2020.
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