Karteikarten
The Sixteenth Century
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1Where can we find traces of the Renaissance in English culture?16th Century
- 2New Age: 1492 - seen as single most important date in history; marks watersehd: devides medival and modern history (discovery of America) 1500: almost everyone on engl. Isles was Catholic obsession with France terminated: pol. & econ. resources could be used: new possibilities gradual emerg. of engl. Empire (wealth)16th Century: Renaissance
- 3Renaissance: Rebirth Victorian "inventor" of Renaissance: Walter Pater (Studies in the History of the Renaissance, 1874)16th Cent.: Renaissance
- 4Humanism aproaches emergence of print culture (Gutenberg, 1453): cheaper books, wide spread, increasing literacy and faster communication16th Cent.: Renaissance
- 5- many classical texts already known in the middle Ages, but only in Latin translation: inconcrete! - cultural exchange and transfer increased in speed & intensity - growth of urban culture - latin is language of learning, greek rediscovered (Aristoteles); Italian and French dominant living languages16th Cent.: Renaissance
- 6beginning: 1453: capture of Constantinoble (rediscovering of ancient writings & art of Romans, more worldly - less religious; gothic architecture changes to more playful one with ornaments) -> last engl. territories lost in France: end of 100 years war16th Cent.: Renaissance
- 7Describe the impact of the Reformation on England and on the British Isles!16th Cent.: Reformation
- 8Reformation originated in Germany and Switzerland with Luther, Calvin & Zwingli Protestantism: attempt to reform church from within -> worldlyness & wealthyness: break occured between catholic & protestant church16th Cent.: Reformation
- 9influence: Luther challanged the papacy outright, good works and catholic sacraments are insufficant, ideas began to penetrate colleges and citiy of London in 1520s, voicing mistrust of Pope and church16th Cent.: Reformation
- 10Henry VIII & the Break with Rome: Englisch Reformation Henry wanted to divorce 1st wife (Catherine of Aragon), informed Pope - Pope refused -> threw off allegiance to Rome with different acts16th Cent.: English Reformation
- 11Acts: Act of Appeals (1533): king is sacred emperor Act of Supremacy (1534): king is supreme head of engl. church Act of Succession (1534): succession to throne Act against the Pope's Authority (1536): complete break with Rome & Pope's authority16th Cent.: English Reformation
- 12Henry VIII married 6 times: 6th wife widowed, others either killed or divorced16th Cent.: English Reformation
- 13Anglican Church: - in terms of theology similar to catholic church in the beginning: but it couldn't remain that close! - strongest impact: dissolution of all monasteries - everything belonged to king - very different from Continental Protestantism: Henry kept position as head of church16th Cent.: English Reformation
- 14Henry VIII & the Break with Rome: Legacy extraordinary achievements: enlarged power of monarchy, establ. engl. church, gave church broad look for over 400 years to come, no religious wars, parliament strenghtened HOWEVER: did not adapt protestantism: found a middle way religious struggles later in 17th cent (beheading of a king)16th Cent.: English Reformation
- 15results of Reformation were very divisive: caused huge internal devisions -> divided catholic Ireland from England and Scottland; cut off the Isles from the rest of Europe -> isolation on all sides produced by anglican church nearest friendly ports for Protestant ships from London: Bremen, Hamburg, London catholic minority was discriminated cultural isolation from 1544 onwards; Scottland was CalvinistImpact of the Reformation on the British Isles
- 16Outline English foreign policy in the 16th century and also consider its role as a rising power!Foreign policy
- 17South of England: dominance of the south towards the rest of England: impact of the Reformation great power of religious groups: conflict between anglican church and puritans growth of London: because of trade & crafts 10x larger than any other engl. city surrounded by rich farming districtspower within England
- 18new safety in England: why? - French unlikely to cross channel by force, also the Irish unlikely to cross the Irish sea by force (defeated earlier in 1603 'Problem of Ulster'); Scottland and Wales had no military power heart of England became one of the safest locations in the world England had unusual confidence and a will to expandForeign Policy
- 19The race for the Globe: Spain: not only enemy in terms of Europe & religion but also a competitor in Caribbean & south America (France and England conquered north america) early 1600: English were no serious competitors for the race for the globe -> slow start by 1500 (100 years after Columbus): no single English colonial venture had taken root -> first successful american colony in 1601Foreign Policy
- 20Role of Maritime Ventures: England's turn to the ocean came to her rescue: lief-line to outside-world & foreign trade 1600: East India Company was founded: imitation of Dutch-model, principles of mercantilism (fixed entity: export more than import) secure permament place in 1st placeForeign Policy
- 21The Spanish Armada: 1588: great test of Elizabeth I. reign spain sent powerful fleed to England -> fear of catholic rebellion spanish ships mostly destroyed by storms; no battle -> England emerged to primar naval power in worldForeign Policy
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- Beschreibung
- A Cultural and Political History of the British Isles Lecture 6: The Sixteenth Century
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- Anne Schubert
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