Karteikarten
Lecture 1 - Narrative Identity
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1What is the psychological self? (explain the 2 parts)A reflexive arrangement of the subjective “I” & the constructed “me”. It evolves & expands over the course of life.
- 2What did research suggest about semantic (trait-based) & episodic (event-based) knowledge about the self?That these are functionally independent. Rating oneself on traits does not typically activate recall of specific events that indicate the trait. Rather, information from concrete personal experiences is summarized into general semantic categories (trait labels) that one can retrieve.
- 3What is the actor-agent-author framework?An integrative theory of the self that states that humans (the ‘I’) understand themselves (the ‘Me’) from 3 different standpoints (actor, agent, and author), which emerge at different points in their developmental trajectories. These layers are not autonomous things or distinct roles that a person might play, they all exist at any given time & place.
- 4When is the actor-standpoint developed? Explain what it is like.(Social) Actor
Start: birth.
Observing own performance & monitor reactions of others. Learn from these experiences (some behaviors are reinforced and therefore repeated, and others are punished & decrease). - 5When is the agent-standpoint developed? Explain what it is like.Motivated agent
Start: middle childhood
Consciously setting goals & organize behavior & self-understanding to be consistent with them. When children internalize a theory of mind, they gradually integrate their goals with roles of the social actor. - 6When is the author-standpoint developed? Explain what it is like.(autobiographical) author
Start: late adolescence/ adulthood.
Constructing self-defining stories -> creates meaning. The “I” becomes the author of the story of “me”, integrating past, present & future (narrative identity). This narrative identity continues to develop during ones life, becoming more nuanced & integrative as one grows older. - 7What is the narrative identity based on?The development of narrative identity begins with autobiographical memory but also requires autobiographical reasoning (a wide set of interpretive operations, through which people draw on autobiographical memories to make inferences about who they are and what their lives mean)
- 8What is the self-regulation problem for the self? And for which layer of the self does it (mainly) form a problem?The extent to which the self (the I) has reflexive control over its (the me’s) feelings, thoughts, impulses & behaviors in social settings. It is the way the self keeps itself in check to minimize social punishment & maximize social reward. It mainly forms a problem for the “(social-)actor” layer of the self.
- 9What is the self-esteem problem for the self? And for which layer of the self does it (mainly) form a problem?The extent to which the self (the I) feels good about itself (the me). It involves the evaluative attributions that the I makes regarding the Me’s worth. The extent to which one is able to achieve goals appears to be a large determinant of self-esteem.
It mainly forms a problem for the “motivated-agent” layer of the self. - 10What is the self-continuity (identity) problem for the self? And for which layer of the self does it (mainly) form a problem?The extent to which the I apprehends the me to be continuous in space & time. Generally, the I constructs a different me for different situations, while it aims to construct continuity over time in 2 forms:
- Phenomenological continuity
- Narrative continuity
This mainly forms a problem for the autobiographical-author layer. - 11What are phenomenological continuity & narrative continuity?- Phenomenological continuity: a moment-by-moment feeling that the I continues to exist as the same locus of feeling, thought & consciousness. (you expect to be same person when you wake up in the morning)
- Narrative con.: a constructed sense of self as a character in one’s life story. Narrative of how the self has changed & remained the same over time. - 12How does culture relate to selfhood for the social-actor layer of the self?Culture provides norms & constraints for the behavior expression of an actor’s traits & roles. Social roles entail different behaviors, duties, & customs in different societies.
- 13How does culture relate to selfhood for the motivated-agent layer of the self?Culture provides timetables, scripts & strong priorities for the agent’s articulation of goals and values. Different cultures (individualistic vs. collectivistic) emphasize different types of goals (self-actualization vs. social harmony).
- 14How does culture relate to selfhood for the autobiographical-author layer of the self?Culture provides the psycho-literary menu, of which the author chooses the images, metaphors, & narratives that can be used to make narrative identity. Narrative identities are constructed to make sense in one’s own culture, while it might not make sense in another
(a narrative identity including encounters with spirits might make sense in some tribes but not in our current western society) - 15What are the different temporal emphases of the 3 different layers of the self?Social actor emphasis:
present.
Motivated agent emphasis:
present & future.
Autobiographical author emphasis:
Past, present & future. - 16What is the interdependence hypothesis?The idea that at some point, humans created situations in which collaborating with others was necessary for survival & procreating, inevitable leading to altruism. Altruism resulted because individuals naturally wanted to help the collaborative partners on whom they had to depend.
- 17Through which 2 key steps does the interdependence hypothesis propose human cooperation has evolved?1) Obligated collaborative foraging:
In context of collaborative foraging, humans had to create various coordination strategies together (sharing, coordinate hunting, etc.) which they could communicate to others within & across generations.
2) group-mindedness:
Small-scale collaboration worked well for foraging groups but as populations grew there was increasing competition between groups, so there was a growing need for:
- large-group coordination: coordination with relative strangers, while still knowing they were from within the group (and thus trustworthy)
- large-group social selection: control of free riding & cheating - 18What is meant by “personality” in this course?The description of an individual on the basis of repetitive patterns of acting, speaking, and feeling and the attribution of those repetitions to ‘something’ of the individual.
- 19What is meant by “identity” in this course?The qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and expressions that make a person or group. One’s identity is heavily influenced by the group that one belongs to.
- 20What is intersubjectivity?The sharing of mental states with other people.
- 21What is meant by the “symbolic order” (cultural conventions)?The social world of linguistic communication, intersubjective relations, knowledge of ideological conventions, and acceptance of the law. It involves the cultural conventions that children learn when they are young.
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- univ Personality & Personality Disorders Karteikarten am Lecture 1 - Narrative Identity, erstellt von Lisette de Putter am 20/06/2021.
- Erstellt von
- Lisette de Putter
- Aufrufe
- 0
- Bewertung