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EBP Flash Cards
Karten in diesem Stapel (34)
- 1What are the 6 elements of quality health care?safety, efficiency, effectiveness, equity, patient-centredness and timeliness
- 2What is the definition of EBP?The explicit, conscientious and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.
- 3What three factors does EBP aim to encompass in its philosophy?Best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values.
- 4What is research evidence?Rigorous scientific demonstrations of effectiveness, validity and reliability of a treatment.
- 5What is clinical evidence?Defensible written reports of patient care.
- 6What are the four components underpinning EBP?Clinical expertise, research evidence, information from practice context and patient values, circumstances etc.
- 7What are the four purposes of EBP?Improve quality, effectiveness and appropriateness of clinical practice.
Share decision making with patients.
Substantiate the care provided to patients.
Reduce variations in practice. - 8What is the five step EBP process?1. Assess the patient/situation
2. Ask an answerable clinical question
3. Acquire the evidence
4. Appraise the evidence
5. Apply the evidence - 9What are some common misconceptions of EBP?decisions are made solely from research data, it is a cost cutting tool, it is not useful.
- 10What are some limitations of EBP?Need time to develop new skills, limited time and resources, difficulties in application, shortage of coherent, consistent scientific evidence.
- 11What is the difference between primary and secondary research?Primary - generate own results, research conducted with actual subjects.
Secondary - data gathered from previously published literature. - 12What is quantitative research?Formal, objective and systematic process in which numerical data are used to produce rigorous and generalizable results.
- 13What is qualitative research?Research which explores the meaning of something in order to produce rich and large volumes of infromation from an individual's perspective.
- 14What are descriptive studies?Often the start of the research process, they define a novel phenomena through case reports. They describe trends and generate hypotheses with an aim to develop an understanding of a novel association without establishing a causal relationship.
- 15Define prevalence.Total number of cases in a given sample at one point in time.
- 16Define incidence.Measure of the risk of developing a disease within a given period of time.
- 17What is a cross-sectional research design?Measurements taken at one point in time to identify how many do A and how many do B. It aims to describe the relationship between two things, assesses prevalence but cannot establish causality.
- 18What is a case control research design?Works backward from outcome to predictor (retrospective) with a case group and a control group. It determines strength of association between each predictor variable and presence or absence of disease. DIfficult to establish causality.
- 19What is a cohort research design?Comparative observational study, collect same data repeatedly over time with same group of people, compare rates of outcome among sample and control, assesses incidence. Some evidence of causality.
- 20What are some unique features of experimental studies?Have an intervention (control variables), truly allows measurement of cause and effect.
- 21What is a pre-post research design?Subjects act as their own controls. Group A at time 1 ->intervention->Group A at time 2
- 22What is quasi-experimental research design?Different subject groups over different time periods. Group A at time 1 and time 2. Group B at time 3 and time 4. One group has an intervention.
- 23What is sensitivity?The ability to correctly identify positive results
Sn = [TP/(TP+FN)] - 24What is specificity?The ability to correctly identify negative results.
Sp= [TN/(TN+FP)] - 25What is a type 1 error?False Negative
- 26What is a type 2 error?False positive
- 27What is the Central Limit Theorem?If population distribution of X is normal, sampling distribution of X-bar is normal for any N. If population distribution of X is not normal, sampling distribution of X-bar is approxaimately normal for n>_30
- 28What is a Confidence Interval?Symmetric interval around a point estimate in which a population parameter may lie.
- 29What is the four step process to hypothesis testing?1. Set up null and alternate hypotheses.
2. Decide significance.
3. Caluculate test statistic.
4. Find p-value - 30When do we reject the null hypothesis?Low Po reject Ho, High Po fail to reject Ho
- 31What is the correlation coefficient?An index which defines the strength and direction of the relationship between 2 numerical variables, represented by correlation coefficient r (-1
- 32When is the Pearson Correlation Coefficient used?For a linear association.
- 33When is the Spearman Correlation Coefficient used?For a curved relationship, or when n is less than 30.
- 34What is bias?A systematic error which effects all data. It can be eliminated.
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- Evidence Based Practice Karteikarten am EBP Flash Cards, erstellt von bethanylhann am 04/11/2013.
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