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Karteikarten

Microscopy

TANIA LISSET VELASCO VILLEGAS Inglés Tercero Spanisch 49 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (49)

  1. 1Staining techniquesMost cells are almost transparent and it is very hard to distinguish any structures. To better visualize cells and their specific components you can use chemicals that stain certain structures. H&E is the most widely used stain in medical diagnosis.
  2. 2HemalumA complex formed from aluminum ions and hematein, stains nuclei and some other cell components blue.
  3. 3DehydrationReplacing the water within the sample with some other chemical.
  4. 4PermeabilizationDissolving cell membranes to allow lager dyes to penetrate the inside of the cell.
  5. 5FixationInvloves several techniques, such as creating chemical bonds between proteins to increase their rigidity.
  6. 6MountingAttaching samples to the microscopy slide.
  7. 7Mordant applicationA substance that forms a strong complex with the dye and the tissue.
  8. 8Light microscopyIs the most commonly used microscopy technique. It often requires staining of the specimen to be able to visualize the structures of interest.
  9. 9Minimal resolutionIs defined as the distance between two points that are still distinguishable as two separate entities.
  10. 10Immersion oilServes to tune the aperture value to its limits.
  11. 11Light MicroscopeIlluminates the specimen by focusing light through a lens onto the microscope slide.
  12. 12Dry mountThe specimen is placed directly on the slide.
  13. 13Wet mountA drop of water is used to suspend the specimen between the slide and cover slip.
  14. 14Section mountAn extremely thin cross-section of a specimen is used.
  15. 15SmearA thin layer of the specimen is smeared carefully across a slide before applying a cover slip.
  16. 16Transmission Electron MicroscopesWork similar to light microscopes, but they utilize electrons instead of light.
  17. 17Fluorescence microscopesIs similar to a light microscope. Instead of shining the whole spectrum of visible light through the specimen, the fluorescent microscope only shines a specific wavelength on the sample.
  18. 18FluorophoreWhen light is absorbed by a substance it results in the excitement of an electron into a higher state. When the electron jumps back into the lower electronic state it emits the energy as electromagnetic waves.
  19. 19Flow cytometryIs a biophysical technology that simultaneously measures and then analyzes multiple physical characteristics of up to thousands of cells per second, as they flow in a fluid stream exposed to a beam of light.
  20. 20Fluorescence-activated cell sortingIs a specialized type of flow cytometry. It provides a method for sorting a heterogeneous mixture of cells, one at a time, based upon the specific light scattering and fluorescent characteristics of each cell.
  21. 21The FACS fluidics systemTransports cells in a stream to the laser beam for interrogation.
  22. 22Interrogation pointThe interrogation point is the location in the stream where the cells intercept the laser beam.
  23. 23Flow bufferIs the sheath liquid where the cells are transported through the fluidics system.
  24. 24Closed-loop nozzleIs a special nozzle used in the starting up and shutting down processes of the fluidics system.
  25. 25FACS optics systemIs the group of components responsible for both generating the laser beam that will intercept the cells, and collecting their emitted signal.
  26. 26DiffractionIs the physical property of light that involves a change in the direction of light waves as they pass through an opening or around a barrier in their path.
  27. 27RefractionIs the physical property of light that involves a change in the direction of light waves as they pass from one medium to another, for instance from air to water.
  28. 28ReflectionIs the physical property of light that involves a change in the direction of light waves when they bounce off a barrier.
  29. 29Fluorescent dyesAre fluorophores that bind to specific cellular structures.
  30. 30DAPIIs a fluorescent dye that strongly binds to A-T-rich regions of DNA. It becomes highly fluorescent when bound to the minor groove of the DNA helix.
  31. 31CY3 and CY5Fluorescent dyes bind to DNA. They are sensitive to light and should be stored and used in the dark as much as possible.
  32. 32ImmunofluorescenceIs a technique that takes advantage of the specific antibody-antigen binding to target fluorophores to biomolecules in the cell.
  33. 33Fluorescent tagsAre fluorophores that can be transgenically expressed in living cells or organisms. This means that this technique can be used to study living cells with fluorescence microscopy.
  34. 34Quantitative PCR (qPCR)Is a technique that monitors the accumulation of a DNA product from a PCR reaction after each cycle using fluorescent dyes.
  35. 35PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)Is a method used to prepare billions of copies of specific DNA sequences.
  36. 36Small intestineIs part of the digestive system.
  37. 37Cell juctionsThe intestinal lining consists of a single columnar epitelium.
  38. 38DesmosomesThey are protein complexes that connect the Keratin fibers of two epithelial cells like a hook - and - loop fastener.
  39. 39Tight junctionsThese sealing strands connect the plasma membrane of two neighbpring cells forming a virtually.
  40. 40Adherens junctionsAre anchor-like protein complexes similar yo desmosomes, but they are connected with the actin cytoskeleton.
  41. 41MicroviliMicroscopy cell extensions on the lateral side of epithelial cells.
  42. 42GlycocalixThese three-like glycoprotein structures increase the active surface even more by anchoring digestive enzimes and binding substances.
  43. 43EnterocytesIntestinal absortive cells, their apical membrane and glycocalix Is packed with digestives enzymes and transporters.
  44. 44Brush cellsAre another type of epithelial cells with microvilli on the apical side.
  45. 45Goblet cellsProduce and secrete mucus into the lumen of the small intestine.
  46. 46ViliThey are finger-like structures that extend toward the light.
  47. 47Lamina propiaLoose web of connective tissue.
  48. 48AntigensAre foreign molecules that are recognized by the immune system.
  49. 49GlutenIs a protein found in grains.

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Tercero Inglés Karteikarten am Microscopy, erstellt von TANIA LISSET VELASCO VILLEGAS am 28/09/2023.
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