Karteikarten
3 The Elbow
Karten in diesem Stapel (31)
- 11.1 What is a structural role of the epicondyles?muscle attachment
- 21.1 What makes up the condyles of the Humerus and what are they?Condyle of humerus made up of trochlea, capitulum, olecranon, coronoid and radial fossae
Lateral capitulum
-for articulation with head of radius
Medial trochlea
-for articulation with trochlea notch of ulna - 31.1 What are the three fossa of the Humerus? Comment on their positions2 fossa anteriorly, 1 fossa posteriorly
Coronoid fossa (anterior)
-receives CP of ulna during full flexion
Radial fossa (anterior)
-accommodates edge of head of radius when elbow fully flexed
Olecranon fossa (posterior)
-accommodates olecranon of ulna during extension - 41.1 What is the ulna? Describe the proximal end. Where is the tuberosity located?medial stabilizing bone of forearm
Large proximal end specialized for articulation
-proximal end has two projections(olecranon and coronoid fossa – form walls of trochlea notch)
inferior to coronoid process - 51.1 What is the radius? Where is the radial notch found and what does it do?lateral mobile bone of forearm
found on lateral side of coronoid process
articulates with head of radius - 61.1 What are collateral ligaments? State the names of the two different ligamentsStrong triangular bands, medial and lateral thickenings of the fibrous layer of the joint capsule
radial collateral ligament
ulnar collateral ligament - 71.1 Describe the position and shape of the radial collateral ligament. Where does this ligament extend from and blend with?lateral, fan-like, extends from lateral epicondyle of humerus, blends distally with anular ligament
- 81.1 Where does the ulnar collateral ligament extend from and to? What are the three bands?Extends from medial epicondyle of humerus to CP and olecranon of ulna
has three bands:
Anterior cord like band = strongest
Posterior fan-like band = weakest
Slender oblique band = deepens socket for trochlea - 91.1 What does the anular ligament of the radius do? What movements does it permit? What joint does it form?Encircles and holds the head of the radius in radial notch
Permits pronation and supination
Forms radio-ulnar joint - 101.1 What is the deep surface of the anular ligament lined with? What is the benefit of this?Deep surface is lined with synovial membrane – continues distally as sacciform recess of the proximal radio-ulnar joint on the neck of the radius
Allows radius to rotate within anular ligament without binding, stretching or tearing of the synovial membrane - 111.1 How many bursae can be found around the elbow joint? Give some information on each one3
Intratendinous olecranon bursa
-sometime present in triceps tendon
Subtendinous olecranon bursa
-between olecranon and triceps tendon, proximal to its attachment to the olecranon
Subcutaneous olecranon bursa
-located in subcutaneous connective tissue over olecranon
-most likely to be inflamed
Bicipitoradial bursa separates biceps tendon from anterior part of radial tuberosity - 121.1 Explain what is meant by the phrase "carrying angle of the elbow". How does this differ in men and women?Long axis of fully extended ulna makes 170 degree angle with long axis of Humerus = carrying angle
In anatomical position the Humerus and bones of forearm are aligned differently in men and women
-Men 5-15 degrees (average approx. 6.7)
-Women 10-25 degrees (average approx. 13.6)
-Influences how objects are held - 131.2 What type of joint is the elbow joint and where is it located?hinge joint
2-3cm inferior to humeral epicondyles - 141.2 What are the three joints at the elbow?Humero-ulnar joint
Humero-radial joint
Proximal radio-ulnar joint - 151.2 Comment on the articulation of bones in the humero-ulnar joint. Relevant clinical comments?Spool-shaped trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulnar
Adult elbow dislocation – hyperextension, mainly posterior - 161.2 Comment on the articulation of bones in the humero-radial jointSpheroidal capitulum of humerus with head of radius
- 171.2 What type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint? What movements does this allow? Relevant clinical comments?pivot
pronation and supination
child elbow dislocation – nursemaids elbow - 181.2 Chief elbow flexor musclesBiceps brachii (when already flexed to 90 degrees and supine)
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
-stronger when forearm is in midposition
-as it attaches to distal radius it does not generate as much force
(so mainly stabilising) - 191.2 Chief elbow extensor musclesTriceps brachii
Aconeus helps triceps to extend the forearm - 201.2 Chief elbow supinator musclesBiceps brachii (with forearm in pronation and power required)
Supinator
Supination – radius and ulna are parallel - 211.2 Chief elbow pronator musclesPronator teres (at the elbow)
Pronator quadratus (at wrist)
Pronation – radius rotates over ulna - 221.2 Name the joints that cause extension at the elbow and state three limiting structuresHumero-ulnar
Humeroradial
Muscles – flexor muscles of elbow
Joint capsule – anteriorly
Bony apposition between OofU and OFofH - 231.2 Name the joints that cause flexion at the elbow and state four limiting structuresHumero-ulnar
Humeroradial
Muscle – triceps brachii
Joint capsule – posteriorly
Soft tissue apposition between anterior forearm and arm
Bony apposition between head of radius and radial fossa of Humerus - 241.2 Name the joints that cause pronation at the elbow and state three limiting structuresHumeroradial
Proximal radio-ulnar
Distal radio-ulnar
Interosseous membrane
Muscles – supinator, biceps brachii
Ligaments – dorsal inferior, radio-ulnar, interosseous membrane
Bony apposition of the radius on ulna - 251.2 Name the joints that cause supination at the elbow and state three limiting structuresHumeroradial
Proximal radio-ulnar
Distal radio-ulnar
Muscles – pronator teres, pronator quadratus
Ligaments – anterior inferior radio-ulnar, interosseous membrane - 261.3 What is the Cubital fossa? What are the five boundaries?Shallow triangular depression on anterior surface of elbow
Superior – imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles
Medially – pronator teres
Laterally – brachioradialis
Floor (base) – brachialis and supinator
Roof – brachial and antebrachial (deep) - 271.3 What reinforces the fascia at the elbow?bicipital aponeurosis
- 281.3 State three possible fracture, briefly explaining one of themSupracondylar
Medial epicondyle
Fractured elbow – fractured olecranon
Olecranon pulled away by triceps
Pinning usually required
Healing is slow - 291.3 What vessels supply the proximal radio-ulnar joint?radial portion of peri-articular arterial anastomosis of the elbow joint
- 301.3 Describe the innervation of the radio-ulnar joint. What are pronation and supination functions of (in terms of nerves)?innervated by musculocutaneous, median and radial nerves
Pronation – function of median nerve
Supination – function of the musculocutaneous and radial nerves - 311.3 What vessels supply and what nerves innervate the distal radio-ulnar joint?anterior and posterior arteries and nerves
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- University Locomotor Karteikarten am 3 The Elbow, erstellt von Ifeoma Ezepue am 17/01/2016.
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