Karteikarten
Respiratory System 3 - Lecture 6
Karten in diesem Stapel (45)
- 1List 6 different components of the thoracic wall.- Skin and breast
- Muscles of the abdomen and upper limb
- Thoracic cage
- Intercostal muscles
- Deep muscles of the back
Parietal pleura - 2What is the purpose of the thoracic cage?To offer protection and a framework for muscle attachment.
- 3What are the 3 different parts of the sternum?- Manubrium
- Body of sternum
- Xiphoid process - 4Name the 3 different parts of the thoracic cage.- Ribs
- Sternum
- Vertebrae
- 5What encloses the thoracic cavity?The thoracic cage and the diaphragm.
- 6What are the 3 major parts of the thoracic cavity?- Mediastinum
- Pleural cavities containing the lungs.
- The liver and some other abdominal organs - not in the cavity, but surrounded by the thoracic cage. - 7Where is the mediastinum located?In the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, between the lungs.
- 8What is contained within the mediastinum?Thoracic structures, except the lungs...
and sympathetic chains. - 9How many ribs count as: - True, Sternal ribs? - False, Asternal ribs?- True = 1 to 7
- False = 8 to 12
- 10Which ribs are 'floating ribs'?11 and 12
- 11Name the different parts of a rib: - Head - Tubercle - Costal groove - Shaft - Costochondral junction
- 12Describe how ribs join to: - The vertebral column - Costal cartilage- There is posterior articulation with the vertebral column.
- There is anterior articulation with the costal cartilage at the costochondral junction. - 13How many thoracic vertebra are there in humans?12
- 14Label the different parts of the thoracic vertebra: - Body - Facets for articulation with head of rib. - Spinous process - Facets for articulation with tubercle of rib (at the tranverse process).
- 15Label the following joints of the thoracic cage: - Costochondral joints - Sternocostal joints - Interchondral joints
- 16Describe the mobility of the following joints with reasons why: - Costochondral - Sternocostal - Interchondral- Limited mobility (primary cartilagenous)
- Allows some movement (synovial)
- Allows some movement (synovial)
- 17Label these 2 joints of the thoracic vertebrae: - Costovertebral joint - Costotransverse joint
- 18Describe the role of the following 2 joints: - Costovertebral joint - Costotranverse joint- Articulation between body of vertebra and head of rib.
- Articulation between transverse process of vertebra and tubercle of rib.
- 19What do the thoracic vertebra joints allow for?Expansion of the ribcage:
- Both anteriorly (lifting the ribcage upwards).
- And laterally (lifting the ribcage out towards the sides). - 20What is the diaphragm?- A musculotendinous partition.
- Dome shaped
- Found on the floor of the thoracic cavity. - 21Where is the diaphragm located?- On the floor of the thoracic cavity.
- Attaches to the spine, lower ribs and sternum.
- 22What is the purpose of the flattening of the diaphragm?To aid inspiration
- 23Describe how the diaphragm is regulated.- Voluntary muscle.
- Innervated by phrenic nerve. - 24Where is the innervated phrenic nerve derived from?C3 - C5 in the neck.
- 25What do phrenic nerves run in close relation to?The pericardium.
- 26What are the 3 layers of the intercostal muscle?- External intercostals
- Internal intercostals
- Innermost intercostals
- 27Describe the orientation of the external intercostal muscles.- They run inferoanteriorly.
- Significant posteriorly and laterally.
- No muscle fibres anteriorly. - 28Describe the orientation of the internal and innermost intercostal muscles.- They run inferoposteriorly.
- Significant anteriorly and laterally.
- No muscle fibres posteriorly. - 29What is within the neurovascular bundle?- Intercostal vein
- Intercostal Artery
- Intercostal Nerve - 30What are the accessory muscles of respiration?- Sternocleidomastoid
- Scalenes
- Pectoral muscles
- 31What is the purpose of the accessory muscles in respiration?Elevating the ribcage.
- 32What muscle fixes the 12th rib during forced expiration?Quadratus lumborum
- 33What is the function of the andominal muscles during forced expiration?To reduce the thoracic volume.
- 34Describe what occurs during the active and passive processes of breathing.ACTIVE:
- Rib cage up and out.
- Inhalation... diaphragm contracts and moves down.
- (decrease in air pressure - draws air in)
PASSIVE:
- Rib cage down and inwards.
- Exhalation... diaphragm relaxes and moves up.
- (increase in air pressure) - 35What is meant by: - Quiet inspiration? - Deep inspiration? - Very deep inspiration?- Involves diaphragm.
- Involves diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
- Involves diaphragm, intercostal muscles, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectorals and quadratus lumborum. - 36What is meant by: - Quiet expiration? - Forced expiration?- Passive, by elastic recoil or diaphragm and lungs.
- Intercostals and abdominal muscles. - 37What is meant by neuronal regulation of breathing?- The control of the breathing process by respiratory centres in the brainstem.
- 38Where is the dorsal respiratory group located? What is its purpose?In the medullary reticular formation.
Controls the diaphragm.
- 39When is the dorsal respiratory group most active?During quiet inspiration.
- 40Where is the ventral respiratory group located? What is its purpose?- In the medullary reticular formation.
- It controls intercostal and abdominal muscles.
- 41When is the ventral respiratory group most active?During forced inspiration and expiration.
- 42Where is the Pre-Botzinger Complex found? What is its purpose?- In the ventral respiratory group.
- The rhythm generator. - 43Where is the Pontine respiratory group located? What is its purpose?- Located in pons.
- Fine tunes breathing pattern by acting on other groups to switch between inspiration and expiration.
- 44Name the scientific terms for the upper and lower pons of the Pontine respiratory group.- Upper = Pneumotaxic centre
- Lower = Apneustic centre - 45Name 5 factors which affect the rate of breathing by acting on the respiratory centres.- Higher centres of the brain.
- Chemoreceptors (levels of oxygen, CO2 and pH).
- Stretch receptors in the lungs.
- Proprioceptors in muscles and joints.
- Touch, temperature and pain receptors.
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- Degree Anamatomic Science 1B Karteikarten am Respiratory System 3 - Lecture 6 , erstellt von Afronewtzz am 08/02/2016.
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