Karteikarten
Heart failure
Karten in diesem Stapel (10)
- 1Drugs that can be used to treat heart failure1. Renin-angiotensin system blockers
2. B-blockers
3. Diuretics
4. Ionotropic agents
5. Direct vasodilators
6. Aldosterone antagonists - 2In cases of hypertension, you gotta reduce the volume overload by giving...diuretics. It increases the water volume excreted through urine.
- 3In cases of unstable angina, you gotta give...beta-blockers. It reduces the heart rate and myocardial work.
- 4In cases of myocardial infarction, you gotta give...streptokinase. It converts plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin digests the fibrin and fibrinogen clots.
- 5The force of contraction of the heart directly depends on...the concentration of free cytosolic calcium.
- 6Ionotropic agents increase the contractility of the heart by directly or indirectly altering...the mechanisms that control the concentration of intracellular calcium.
- 7Sources of free intracellular calcium:1. Opening of voltage gated calcium channels
2. Removal of sodium in exchange for calcium
3. Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria - 8Removal of free intracellular calcium:1. Sodium calcium exchange
2. Reabsorbed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochindria - 9Compensatory physiological responses to heart failure:1. Increased sympathetic activity
2. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system
3. Myocardial hypertrophy - 10Angiotensin II1. Potent vasoconstrictor; causes vasoconstriction
2. Stimulates adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone
3. Increase the sodium and water resorption