Karteikarten
Tute 2
Karten in diesem Stapel (42)
- 1what does the alternative complement pathway bypass the need for?Antibodies
- 2What is CGD?Chronic granulomatous disease: a hereditary disease, mutation in NADPH oxidase, defect in microbe killing, patients suffer from recurrent pyogenic infections
- 3How is the respiratory burst involved in microbe killing by leukocytes?An uptake of O2 allows NADPH oxidase on the phagolysosome membrane to generate reactive oxygen species and superoxide radicals that destroy the ingested microbe
- 4What enzyme produces RNS?inducible nitrogen oxidase synthase iNOS
- 5What additional enzyme do neutrophils contain involved in the respiratory burst?MPO that can produce hypochlorous acid - a potent antibacterial
- 6Where do neutrophils develop and mature?in the bone marrow
- 7How long does it take for neutrophils to migrate to the site of inflammation?6-24 hours
- 8How long do neutrophils last for?approximately 1 day
- 9what are the two main opsonic type receptors neutrophils express?Fc Receptors
C' Receptors (C'1,3,4) - 10How long does it take for macrophages to migrate to the site of inflammation?1-2 days
- 11How long do macrophages live for?weeks to months
- 12What are the four main chemotactic agents for neutrophils and marcophages?LTB4
CXCL8
IFN-gamma
C5a and C3a components of C' - 13What type of receptors do chemotactic agents bind to?G-protein linked receptors linked to PLC
- 14What are the four types of non-opsonic receptors used by macrophages?TLR's, NODR's, ScavengerR's and LectinR's
- 15What type of receptors are scavenger and lectin receptors?phagocytic
- 16what are scavenger receptors?cause internalisation of acetylated and oxidised LDL's from bacteria
- 17what do lectin receptors detect?carbohydrate structres
- 18give two examples of lectin receptors?mannose receptor
dectin-1 receptor - 19what does the dectin-1 receptor detect?B-glucan (a major component of fungal cell walls like Candida albicans)
- 20What happened to KO dectin-1 mice?they were more susceptible to fungal infections
- 21How does an FcR work?the Fc region of an antibody binds to the receptor whilst bound to a microbe on its FaB region
- 22Which C' component binds to the C3R?C3b
- 23what do opsonins do?facilitate the recognition and attachment of microbes to leukocytes to enhance phagocytosis
- 24What receptors detects unmethylated CpG rich DNA?TLR9
- 25What microbe is detected by unmethylated CpG rich DNA?herpes virus
- 26What receptor detects LPS?TLR4
- 27What do TLR's trigger?intracellular signalling pathways that lead to the secretion of cytokines
- 28What two accessory proteins does TLR4 require?MD2 and CD14
- 29what protein transports LPS to TLR4?LPS binding protein
- 30List 5 PAMP's?LPS
dsRNA
unmethylated CpG rich DNA
PGN
LTA - 31What are PAMP's?invariant structures essential to microbes that allow leukocytes to distinguish between self and non-self
- 32What are the two benefits of the low pH within a phagolysosome?Antibactericidal
Facilitates the production of superoxide radicals - 33List three things lysosomes contain?lactoferrin
lysozymes
proteases - 34what is lactoferrin?iron binding protein that inhibit the growth of bacteria
- 35what are lysozymes?enzymes that attack the cell wall of bacteria, especially gram positive cocci
- 36what does IL-12 do?activates NK cells
- 37what do IL-1 and IL-6 and TNF-alpha do?induce systemic effects and in combination activate vascular endothelium and increase its permeability
- 38which interleukin is a potent inducer of fever?IL-1
- 39how does fever come about?the thermoregulatory centre of the hypothalamus is reset
- 40What receptor detects IgG?Fcgamma
- 41what receptors detects IgE?Fc3
- 42What receptors detect PGN?Intracellular NOD1 and 2
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- Immunology and Microbiology Karteikarten am Tute 2, erstellt von jessica.neilan am 31/12/2013.
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