Karteikarten
Behavioral Models
Karten in diesem Stapel (37)
- 1Sympathetic stress response is mediated by what part of CNS and Neurotransmitter?Adrenal Medulla--Epinephrine
- 2Endocrine stress response is mediated by what part of CNS and Neurotransmitter?Limbic-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (LHPA)
Cortisol or Corticosterone - 3'Anxiety and Fear' of the stress response is mediated by what parts of CNS? (3)1. Amygdala
2. Hippocampus
3. Septum - 4'Arousal and Attention' of the stress response is mediated by what part of CNS?Locus Ceruleus
- 5'Executive Functioning' of the stress response is mediated by what part of CNS?Prefrontal Cortex
- 6Organized behaviors accompanied by emotion are coordinated where?In the DIENCEPHALON via connections to the brainstem
- 7characteristics of a model (3)1) Animal preparations designed to mimic a human condition
2) Independent and dependent variable
3) Mimic the whole disorder or one symptom - 8characteristics of a test (3)1) a screening procedure
2) only a dependent variable used to asses the efficacy of the manipulation
3) may evaluate existence of a specific behavior - 9Face Validitygenerally, responses appear analogous to human reactions in similar circumstances
- 10Predictive Validity (2)1) Sensitivity to established drugs
2) traditional defining feature of these tests - 11construct validitya common neurological basis
- 12what is the usability of an animal model/test?easy to carry out by trained personnel
- 13what is the reliability of an animal model?phenotype seen is consistent over time
- 14what is the reproducibility of an animal model?agreement of behavioral data from same experiment in the SAME lab and between DIFFERENT labs
- 15A discrete but distal threat would have an animal show what behavior?Flight-escape response
- 16A discrete but proximal threat would have an animal show what behaviors? (5)1. Freezing
2. Startle
3. Defensive threat/attack
4. ultrasonic vocalizations
5. Defensive burying - 17An uncertain threat would have an animal show what behaviors? (2)1. Thigmotaxis (wall hugging)
2. Risk-assessment - 18What are the verbal-subjective, overt-motor acts, and somatovisceral responses of fear?1. Thoughts of imminent threat
2. Escape
3. Sweating, trembling, nausea, heart palpitations - 19What are the verbal-subjective, overt-motor acts, and somatovisceral responses of anxiety?1. Worry
2. Avoidance
3. Muscle tension - 20Example of a proximal fear model and anxiety model?1. Ferret odor (predator)
2. Elevated-plus maze - 21Three examples of unconditioned TESTS of anxiety1. Elevated-plus maze
- animal time spent on open arm versus total time spent in closed and open arms will measure anxiety
2. Defensive response tests (predator and predator induced burying)
- predator odor presented to animal and defensive response (i.e. burying time or freezing time) is measured
3. social interaction and social stress tests
-time spent interacting with other animals under a given condition--decreased social interaction time suggest antigenic response) - 22unconditioned freezing the predator odor depends on what?the context (i.e. proximity to the odor matters for freezing versus escape response)
- 23Are there sex differences in baseline, ethanol, and diazepam anxiety responses?1. Baseline--YES
2. EtOH--NO
3. Diazepam--NO - 24How does diazepam affect the corticosterone stress response?It has NO effect on this type of stress response
- 25Examples of conditioned stimuli used (4)1. Odor
2. Sound (tone)
3. Light
4. Context - 26Examples of conditioned fear responses (4)1. Freezing
2. Blood Pressure/HR changes
3. hormone responses
4. Fear potentiated startle - 27Two examples of conditioned fear tests1) Fear potentiated startle
- tone (CS) paired with a foot-shock (US) and the tone itself induces freezing behavior. Then potentiate this by shining light-- THIS TEST MIMICS FEAR
2) light or CRF enhanced startle
-showing light or giving CRF enhances the startle amplitude without conditioning the animal--POSSIBLY MIMICS ANXIETY (it is blocked by a benzodiazepine) - 28Anxiety in animals models involves what cue, activation, and response patterns?1) diffuse cues
2) long-term activation
3) unconditioned responses - 29Fear in animals models involves what cue, activation, and response patterns?1) Explicit cues
2) short-term activation
3) conditioned responses - 30Lesions of the CeA and BNST block what, respectively?1. CeA--Fear potentiated startle (FEAR)
2) BNST-- light or CRF enhanced startle (ANXIETY) - 31Is the amygdala involved in all types of fear response?NO (fox odor anxiety responses unchanged after amygdala lesion)
- 32repeated activation of CRF receptors causes what two things which models what?1) long lasting increases anxiety responses
2) increased behavioral and autonomic activity in response to sodium lactate infusions
***panic disorder*** - 33acoustic startle pathway involves what structures? (4)1) Amygdala
2) ventral cochlear nucleus
3) nucleus reticularis of the pons (has direct projections FROM amygdala)
4) motor neurons in spinal cord - 34Three examples of screening tests for anti-depressants1) Forced swim test/ Tail suspension test
-immobility indicative of behavioral despair (depression-like)
-must pretest to show there is no escape
2) Novelty induced HYPO-phagia
- inhibition of feeding OR latency to consume palatable treat in novel environment
3) Tests of anhedonia
-sucrose preference or intracranial self-stimulation - 35intracranial self-stimulation models what?stimulation of medial forebrain bundle as baseline curve-->see how a drug affects the response (if drug decreases the response, then it means it has motivating/anti-depressant like effects)
- 36Three models of depression1. Social defeat (psychosocial)
2. Chronic stress paradigms
3. Early life stressors (maternal deprivation & prenatal stress) - 37characteristics of chronic stress paradigms (3)1) Depressed patients have HPA hyper-reactivity
2) Animals develop anhedonia, neuroimmune, neuroendocrine, neurochemical abnormalities like depressed patients do
3) reversed by chronic antidepressant treatment
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Doctorate Neuroscience III Karteikarten am Behavioral Models, erstellt von coleman.calva am 20/04/2016.
- Erstellt von
- coleman.calva
- Aufrufe
- 2
- Bewertung