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G481 Mechanics Definitions
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- 1ScalarA quantity that has Magnitude only without direction
Examples: Length, area, volume, distance, speed, mass, density, pressure, temperature, energy, work, power, electrical potential, charge, time. - 2VectorA quantity that has (both) magnitude / size and direction
Examples: Displacement, velocity, acceleration, momentum, force (lift, drag, thrust, weight), field(s), a.c. voltage, current (when calculating fields only). - 3Displacement(Net) distance moved in a particular direction.
- 4Instantaneous speedSpeed measured between two point a very small time apart.
- 5Average speedDistance covered / time taken.
- 6VelocitySpeed in a given direction - the rate of change of distance.
- 7AccelerationThe rate of change of velocity/The gradient of a velocity vs time graph. (= change in velocity / time taken).
- 8The NewtonThe (net) force which gives a mass of 1kg an acceleration of 1 ms-2.
- 9Torque of a CoupleOne of forces × perpendicular distance (between forces) (Not force x perpendicular distance).
- 10Moment of a forceMoment = force x perpendicular distance from pivot / axis / point.
- 11Thinking DistanceThe distance travelled (by the car) from when the driver sees a problem and the brakes are applied.
- 12Braking DistanceThe distance travelled (by the car) whilst the brakes are applied and the car stops (wtte).
- 13Stopping DistanceStopping distance: Thinking distance + braking distance.
- 14Work done by a ForceWork done = force x distance moved / travelled in the direction of the force.
- 15JouleEnergy required to move a weight of 1N (through) a distance of 1 m.
- 16Power - rate of work donePower = work (done)/time or power = energy/time or power = rate of work done.
- 17WattPower required to move 1N through a distance of 1m in 1 sec (Rate of doing work).
- 18StressForce/(cross-sectional) area.
- 19StrainExtension/original length.
- 20Young's ModulusStress/strain.
Young modulus is equal to the gradient from stress-strain graph (in the linear region). - 21Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)Ultimate tensile strength = Maximum stress material can withstand (before fracture).
- 22Elastic DeformationExtension (or compression) force (as long as elastic limit is not exceeded).
- 23Plastic DeformationMaterial does not return to original length / shape/ size (is permanently deformed / longer) when the force / stress is removed.
- 24DensityMass/volume or mass per (unit) volume.
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- A complete list of definitions for OCR AS Physics A - G481 Mechanics.
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