Karteikarten
Biology 11.4 Meiosis
Karten in diesem Stapel (60)
- 1Where are the instructions of each trait found?Chromosomes
- 2Where are chromosomes found?In the nuclei of cells
- 3The DNA on chromosomes is arranged in sections that control the production of __________Proteins
- 4What are the DNA sections called?Genes
- 5Each chromosome has about how many genes?1500
- 6How many chromosomes does the human body have?46
- 7How many chromosomes do you get from your father and how many from your mother?23 from each
- 8Do chromosomes come in pairs? yes or noyes
- 9About how many genes do humans have?If you have 46 chromosomes, and each chromosome has about 1500 genes. Then 46x1500=
- 10The chromosomes that make up a pair, one from each parent, are called what?Homologous chromosomes
- 11Fill in the blank: Homologous chromosomes are the same _____ and have the centromere in _____ place.length and same
- 12The homologous chromomoses also carry _____ for the same traits at the same time.Genes
- 13Homologous chromosomes are similar but notIdentical
- 14The number of chromosomes does or does not change from generation to generation.Does not. You have the same number of chromosomes as your parents.
- 15What are Gametes?Sex cells
- 16Gametes have half the number of chromosomes to ensure that chromosome numbers stays the same. True or false.True.
- 17The symbol n represents the number of chromosomes.In humans n=23
- 18A cell with n number of chromosomes is called a?Haploid
- 19Gametes are what type of cells?Haploid
- 20The process in which one haploid gamete joins with another haploid gamete is called?Fertilization
- 21After fertilization, the cell has ____n chromomoses.2n
- 22After fertilization, the cell has 2n chromosomes- n chromosome from the ______parent plus n chromosome from the _____parent.Female and Male
- 23what is a cell with 2n chromosome called?A diploid cell
- 24During mitosis, the chromosome cells stays the same or change. which one?Stays the same.
- 25Because sex cells need half the number of chromosomes, a differnt process of cell division is needed. what is the process called?Meiosis
- 26What is the process of cell division called that reduces the number of chromosomes by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes?Meiosis
- 27Where does meiosis take place?In the reproductive organs of plans and animals.
- 28During meiosis there are two cell divisions. What are they?Meiosis I and Meiosis II
- 29Before a cell goes through meiosis it goes through?Interphase I
- 30What happens to a cell during interphase I?A cell in interphase carries out a variety of metabolic functions, copies DNA, and makes proteins.
- 31Meiosis I begins with?Phophase I
- 32What happens during prophase I?Chromosomes are replicated, consisting of two sister chromatids. Then the chromosomes become visible under the light of a microscope.
- 33In prophase I the cells begin to form homologous pairs in a process called?Synapsis
- 34During synapsis, the chromosomes often swap pieces of DNA. This process is called?Crossing over. Crossing over leads to genetic diversity.
- 35How does crossing over occur?This is when one section of chromosome changes place with a section of its homologous chromosome.
- 36During crossing over, where do the centrioles mover to?To the opposite poles of the cell
- 37What happens during metaphase I?The pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
- 38What happens during anaphase I?Each homologous chromosome is guided by the spindle fibers toward opposite poles of the cell. At this time the chromosome numbers are reduced from 2n to n.
- 39During meiosis I, do the sister chromatids split? yes or noNo.
- 40What is the final stage of Meiosis I?Telophase i
- 41What happens during telophase i?The homologous chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell.
- 42At the end of telophase I the cell under goes what?Cytokinesis
- 43What is cytokinesis?The division of the cell into two.
- 44Is the DNA copied during interphase?No.
- 45What are the phases of meiosis I1.Interphase
2. Prophase I
3.Metaphase I
4. Anaphase I
5. Telaphase I - 46Now that meiosis I is complete, to complete meiosis, the cell must now undergo?Meiosis II
- 47What events occur during meiosis II?Metaphase II- haploid chromosomes line up near the center of cell by spindle fibers
Anaphase II-sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromeres
Telophase II- chromosomes reac the poles
Cytokenisis, or cell division occurs - 48What is the results of meiosis?The results is four haploid cells, each with n number of chromosomes
- 49Name the phases of Meiosis II.Phropase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Final Product - 50What is the major difference between mitosis and meiosis?Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces four different haploid daughter cells
- 51Number of cell divisions in mitosis is?one
- 52Number of cell divisions in meiosis is?two
- 53synapsis of homologous chromosomes in mitosis does or does not occur?does not occur
- 54sypnasis of homologous chromosomess in meiosis does or does not occur?occurs during prophase I
- 55In mitosis, how many identical diploid cells are produced?two
- 56In meiosis, how many nonidentical haploid cells are produced?four
- 57what are the types of cells produced in mitosis?body cells
- 58what are types of cells produced in meiosis?reproductive cells
- 59what is the purpose of mitosis?for growth and repair body tissues
- 60what is the purpose of meiosis?for production of gametes for sexual reproduction
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