Karteikarten
Archaea
Karten in diesem Stapel (12)
- 1Characteristic of Archaea• Presence odd shape
• Example: needle-like filament, square
• Reproduction: asexually such as binary fission, budding or fragmentation
• Respiration: aerobic and anaerobic
• Nutrition: organic compound, ammonia and metal ions
• Interaction: mutualism or commensals - 2Unique feature of Archaea - Cell wall• Do not contain peptidoglycan
• Contain s-layer that interact with plasma membrane - 3Cell wall for methanogens• Have pseudomurein
• L-amino acids
• N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid
• Beta (1->3) glycosidic bond
• Resistant to lysozyme and beta lactam antibiotic - 4Unique feature of Archaea - Outer membrane• Hyperthermophiles
• Lack s-layer but 3ith outer membrane
• Association with cell of smaller archaeon, nanoarchaeum equitants at outer membrane.
• Example: ignococcus - 5Membrane lipid• Help maintain integrity at high temperature and osmolarity
• Have more complex membrane to prevent loss of ions
• Have isoprenoid sidechain which is a long chain with multiple side-branch and ring
• Branched chain hydrocarbon attached to D-glycerol by ether linkage - 6Unique feature of Archaea - MetabolismNutritional type
- Phototrophs
- Litotrophs
- Organotrophs
Sources of energy
- Sunlight
- Inorganic compound (sulfur Ammonia)
- Organic compound (carbon, alcohol, acetic acid,formic acid)
Sources of carbon
- Organic compound
- Organic compound or Carbon fixation
- Organic compound or Carbon fixation - 7Unique feature of Archaea - Genetic• Single closed DNA circle
• Contain plasmid
• Possess eukaryotic
• Genome size are bigger
• Lower variation in GC contain
• Start codon: AUG codes - 8Phyla crenarchaeota• Thermophiles (45 C), hyperthermophiles (80 C), extremely thermophiles (105 C), acidophiles and sulfur depends
• Strict anaerobes
• Habitat: geothermally heated water or soils with demental sulfur
• Application: enzyme in various industries, DNA polymerase from from Thermus aquaticus. - 92 genera of Phyla crenarchaeota1. Geogemma sp
• Surviving high temperature (2h 130 C)
2. Pyrodictium sp
• Habitat: deep-sea hydrothermal vents
• Irregular disks with elongated protein tubules for attachment to gram of sulfur - 10Phyla EuryarchaeotaTwo Dominant group
1. Methanogens
2. Halophiles - 11Phyla Euryarchaeota - Methanogens• Largest group of archae
• Strict anaerobes
• Convert carbon dioxide, hydrogen, formate, methanol and acetate
• Morphology: long rods or filaments, straight or curved rods, irregular cocci, spirilla and short curve rods
• Metabolism: anoxic environment rich in organic matters
• Metabolism: unique cofactors for methane synthesis
• Beneficial: methane for clean burning and fuel for energy
• Harmful: methane absorb infrared radiation caused greenhouse gas. - 12Phyla Euryarchaeota - Halophiles• Aerobic
• Motile/non motile
• High concentration of 3-4 M NaCl
• Habitat: salt lakes, salted fish
• Examples: Halobacter salinarium
• Photosynthesis without chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll
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