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Sc13L03 The pectoral girdle and shoulder joints

Emma Allde Medicine Y2 Englisch 5,0Durchschnittliche Bewertung 5,0 von 5 (1 Bewertung) 128 Karten

Sc13L03 The pectoral girdle and shoulder joints

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  1. 1What (2) bones make up the pectoral or shoulder girdle?anterior clavicle and posterior scapula
    (L: key, shoulder)    What (2) bones make up the pectoral or shoulder girdle?
  2. 2What separates the shoulder girdles from each other anteriorly?the sternumWhat separates the shoulder girdles from each other anteriorly?
  3. 3What separates the shoulder girdles of either side posteriorly?Nothing, there is a gap and they do not articulate with e/o or the spinal columnWhat separates the shoulder girdles of either side posteriorly?
  4. 4What is the only connection b/w the upper limb and axial skeleton?pectoral/ shoulder girdle
  5. 5What does the medial end of the clavicle articulate with?the manubrium of the sternum
  6. 6What is the joint b/w the clavicle and the sternum?sternoclavicular jointWhat is the joint b/w the clavicle and the sternum?
  7. 7Posteriorly, the anterior surface of the scapula, along with its associated musculature, forms a connection with what?the posterior aspects of the upper ribs
  8. 8What is the false joint between the scapula and ribs called?'scapulo-thoracic' jointWhat is the false joint between the scapula and ribs called?
  9. 9What is the joint called at the articulation b/w the clavicle and scapula?acromioclavicular jointWhat is the joint called at the articulation b/w the clavicle and scapula?
  10. 10What is the function of pectoral girdle?to brace the upper limb away from the trunk
  11. 11What is the function of the scapula?give a large surface area for muscular attachments
  12. 12In what genetic condition are some people born without a clavicle and are thus able to bring the upper limb across the front of the chest?Cleidocranial dysostosis (or dysplasia)
    cleido = L. key
    dystotis = L. bad bone development    In what genetic condition are some people born without a clavicle and are thus able to bring the upper limb across the front of the chest?
  13. 13What is the inheritance pattern of cleidocranial dysotosis?autosomal dominant
  14. 14What other bone is also affected in cleidocranial dysotosis?craniumWhat other bone is also affected in cleidocranial dysotosis?
  15. 15What is the function of the clavicle?to act as a brace
  16. 16Describe the articular surface of the medial end of the clavicle:expanded to form a large, oval facetDescribe the articular surface of the medial end of the clavicle:
  17. 17Describe the articular surface of the lateral end of the clavicle:flattened in the horizontal plane, with a small posterolateral facet which articulates with the acromion process of the scapulaDescribe the articular surface of the lateral end of the clavicle:
  18. 18What makes the scapula the most frequently fractured bone in the body?It serves to transmit forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton
  19. 19Describe the concave/ convex points of the scapula:medial 2/3: convex towards the front
    lateral third: concave towards the front    Describe the concave/ convex points of the scapula:
  20. 20What are (7) unique features of the clavicle:(1) subcutaneous throughout
    (2) only horizontal long bone
    (3) first bone to ossify
    (4) only long bone to ossify in membrane
    (5) occasionally pierced by the middle supraclavicular nerve
    (6) no medullary cavity
    (7) only long bon to ossify from 2 primary centres
  21. 21How are most clavicular fractures caused? (2)fall or direct trauma
  22. 22What makes are clavicular fractures potentially dangerous?The fractured ends present a hazard to the vessels at the root of the neck (thoracic inlet)
  23. 23What kind of bone is the scapula?flat bone
  24. 24Where, in relation to the ribs, is the scapula found?2nd - 7th rib
  25. 25How many margins does the scapula have?How many margins does the scapula have?How many margins does the scapula have?
  26. 26How many angles does the scapula have? Where are they found?3: inferior, superior and lateralHow many angles does the scapula have? Where are they found?
  27. 27Identify (anterior view)subscapular fossaIdentify (anterior view)
  28. 28What do the medial ridges of the anterior surface of the scapula serve as attachments for?tendinous origins of the subscapularis muscleWhat do the medial ridges of the anterior surface of the scapula serve as attachments for?
  29. 29What attachments does the lateral, anterior surface of the subscapular fossa serve as attachments for?fibrous attachment of subscapularis muscleWhat attachments does the lateral, anterior surface of the subscapular fossa serve as attachments for?
  30. 30Identifysupraspinous fossaIdentify
  31. 31Identifyinfraspinous fossaIdentify
  32. 32Identifyspine of the scapulaIdentify
  33. 33The spine of the scapula projects shelf-like and posteriorly, angling upwards from the medial border to end in a free lateral process called what?the acromionThe spine of the scapula projects shelf-like and posteriorly, angling upwards from the medial border to end in a free lateral process cal...
  34. 34What does the acromion articulate with?the clavicle
  35. 35What does the medial 2/3 of the supraspinous process serve as an attachment for?supraspinatus msucleWhat does the medial 2/3 of the supraspinous process serve as an attachment for?
  36. 36The supero-lateral angle of the scapula forms a cavity/fossa with what part of what other bone? What is the cavity/fossa called?head of the humerus
    glenoid fossa    The supero-lateral angle of the scapula forms a cavity/fossa with what part of what other bone? What is the cavity/fossa called?
  37. 37What process arises from the superior margin of the scapula, projecting antero-laterally over the glenoid fossa?coracoid processWhat process arises from the superior margin of the scapula, projecting antero-laterally over the glenoid fossa?
  38. 38What is found medial to the base of the coracoid process?suprascapular notchWhat is found medial to the base of the coracoid process?
  39. 39What does the proximal end form of the humerus form an articular surface with and what is the joint called?shoulder joint
    glenohumeral joint
  40. 40What is the articular part of the humerus called?the head
  41. 41What is unique about this bone?It has (2) heads:
    surgical and anatomical
  42. 42Labelanatomical neck of the humerusLabel
  43. 43Labelsurgical neck of the humerusLabel
  44. 44What (3) features are found b/w the (2) necks of the humerus?What (3) features are found b/w the (2) necks of the humerus?What (3) features are found b/w the (2) necks of the humerus?
  45. 45Why is the bicipital (inter-tubercular) groove called as such?b/c the long head of the biceps brachii sits in the groove, having just passed over the head and anatomical neckWhy is the bicipital (inter-tubercular) groove called as such?
  46. 46How many facets does the greater tuberosity have? What are the muscle attachments?3 for the attachment of three separates muscles from the scapula
    supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor    How many facets does the greater tuberosity have? What are the muscle attachments?
  47. 47How many facets does the the lesser the tuberosity have? Where do the muscle attachments originate?1, from the scapular muscle (subscapularis)How many facets does the the lesser the tuberosity have? Where do the muscle attachments originate?
  48. 48Identify What is the muscle attachment?Deltoid tuberosity
    tendon of the deltoid muscle    Identify What is the muscle attachment?
  49. 49Identify What structures are found here?Spiral groove
    Nerve (radial) and artery (profunda brachii)    Identify What structures are found here?
  50. 50Identify this joint and describe its movementSternoclavicular joint
    b/w the clavicle and sternum, the only shoulder to articulate with the axial skeleton
    very mobile, allowing movement of the shoulder    Identify this joint and describe its movement
  51. 51Identify this joint and describe its movementAcromioclavicular joint b/w the clavicle and scapula
    Less mobile, only permits small gliding and rotation movements    Identify this joint and describe its movement
  52. 52Identify this "joint" and describe its movementScapulo-thoracic joint
    b/w the scapula and the rib-cage
    Movements here allow the upper limb to be moved around the trunk, and increase our range of hand positioning in space    Identify this "joint" and describe its movement
  53. 53Identify this joint and describe its movementb/w the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula
    allows most movement of the shoulder    Identify this joint and describe its movementIdentify this joint and describe its movement
  54. 54What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?synovial joint
  55. 55What divides the sternoclavicular joint in two?an articular discWhat divides the sternoclavicular joint in two?
  56. 56What are the (2) main components of the sternoclavicular joint?the concave indention of the sternum and the sternal end of the clavicleWhat are the (2) main components of the sternoclavicular joint?
  57. 57How is the incongruity of the sternoclavicular joint (specifically the articular facets) adjusteda cartilage-like fibrous tissue
  58. 58Describe the capsule found at the sternoclavicular jointslack and thick
  59. 59What helps strengthen the sternoclavicular capsule?anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligamentsWhat helps strengthen the sternoclavicular capsule?
  60. 60Identify and define its purposeThe interclavicular ligament
    Connects the R. and L. clavicles    Identify and define its purpose
  61. 61Identify and define its purposeSternoclavicular ligament
    helps strengthen the sternoclavicular capsule
    Extends b/w the 1st rib and clavicle    Identify and define its purpose
  62. 62What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?ball and socket jointWhat kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
  63. 63How many degrees of freedom does the sternoclavicular joint have?3
  64. 64The sternoclavicular joint is capable of movements in superior-inferior (up and down) plane up to __° and in the anterior-posterior (front and back) plane up to __°60, 20
  65. 65What is the danger of posterior sternoclavicular dislocations?Whilst rare, the clavicle may compress of lacerate a lung, a great vessels, the trachea or oesophagusWhat is the danger of posterior sternoclavicular dislocations?
  66. 66What is the most common cause of posterior sternoclavicular dislocations?MVA, sports or a fall, with a force to the shoulder
    usually via an externally, laterally placed blow along the axis of the clavicle
  67. 67In which direction does the clavicle move is a posterior dislocation?anteriorly/ superiorly due to the attachment of its ligament
  68. 68Define ligament and define its purposeAcromioclavicular ligament
    helps strengthen the capsule at the acriomioclavicular joint (ACJ)    Define ligament and define its purpose
  69. 69Define ligament and labelCoracoacromial ligament
    along with the tendon of the long head of biceps protects the top of the joint    Define ligament and label
  70. 70How can the coracoacromial ligament be divided further?Antero-lateral: trapezoid ligament
    Postero-medial: conoid ligament    How can the coracoacromial ligament be divided further?
  71. 71Is there a disc at the acromioclavicular joint?Yes, but it can be absent as the capsule here is very lax but small
  72. 72What kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?synovial gliding joint
  73. 73What kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint?Ball-and-socket
  74. 74As the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint lacks strong ligaments, how is action maintained?by enveloping muscle making it a "muscle-dependent" joint
  75. 75How is the synovial membrane of the capsule of the glenohumeral joint attached?via the glenoid lip
  76. 76What structure evaginates and surrounds the synovial membrane of the glenohumeral joint like a tubular sheath?The long head of biceps brachii tendonWhat structure evaginates and surrounds the synovial membrane of the glenohumeral joint like a tubular sheath?
  77. 77Identify this structure When it it found?axillary recess
    when the articular capsule is slack and when the arm hangs down    Identify this structure When it it found?
  78. 78What (4) structures support the upper part of the glenohumeral capsule?mainly the coracohumeral ligament
    also (3) weak glenohumeral ligaments    What (4) structures support the upper part of the glenohumeral capsule?
  79. 79Define and know the importance of this structureglenoid labrum
    it serves to the deepen the glenohumeral socket    Define and know the importance of this structure
  80. 80What are synovial bursae and where are they found in the shoulder?a fluid-filled sac or sac-like cavity, especially one countering friction at a joint
    acromial process (subacromial bursae), deltoid and subscapular bursae    What are synovial bursae and where are they found in the shoulder?
  81. 81Which is the only bursae in direct communication with the joint cavity?subscapular bursaeWhich is the only bursae in direct communication with the joint cavity?
  82. 82What does the capsule of the glenohumeral joint attach to?proximally to the glenoid labrum and laterally to the anatomical neck of the humerusWhat does the capsule of the glenohumeral joint attach to?
  83. 83Why does the capsule at the glenohumeral joint need to be week? esp. when?to permit free movement esp. at the inferior aspect of the joint where the capsule is tightened upon full abduction of the joint
  84. 84What structure(s) thicken the superior and anterior parts of the capsule?the glenohumeral ligamentsWhat structure(s) thicken the superior and anterior parts of the capsule?
  85. 85There is a gap b/w the glenohumeral ligaments anteriorly, where the synovium membrane is able to escape from the confines of the capsule to form what?the subscapularis bursaThere is a gap b/w the glenohumeral ligaments anteriorly, where the synovium membrane is able to escape from the confines of the capsule ...
  86. 86What tendon arises from inside the joint (from the supragenoid tubercle), making it intra-capsular?the long head of biceps brachiiWhat tendon arises from inside the joint (from the supragenoid tubercle), making it intra-capsular?
  87. 87Is the long head of biceps brachii intra-synovial too?No, it sites outside the synovial lining of the joint, making it extra-synovial
  88. 88What is the long head of biceps brachii surrounded by to help protect it as the joint moves?a sheath of synoviumWhat is the long head of biceps brachii surrounded by to help protect it as the joint moves?
  89. 89What structure emerges from the synovial sheath into the biciptial groove, outside the joint, making it exposed and prone to inflammation (teno-synovitis)?the synovial sheathWhat structure emerges from the synovial sheath into the biciptial groove, outside the joint, making it exposed and prone to inflammation...
  90. 90What structures provide vertical stability to the humeral head?the glenohumeral capsule and the coracohumeral ligamentWhat structures provide vertical stability to the humeral head?
  91. 91What structures provide anterior stability to the humeral head?the anterior capsulo-ligamentous complex (but the contribution is limited)
  92. 92What ligaments are simply thickenings of the capsule?the superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligamentsWhat ligaments are simply thickenings of the capsule?
  93. 93What kind of structure is found b/w the superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments?a foramen
  94. 94What does the small foramen b/w the superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments allow?a bursa to protrude anteriorly
  95. 95What does the bursa b/w the superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments allow?movements if the tendon is in front of the joint (subscapularis tendon)What does the bursa b/w the superior and middle glenohumeral ligaments allow?
  96. 96Which of the glenohumeral ligaments is the largest and strongest of the three?the inferior glenohumeral ligamentWhich of the glenohumeral ligaments is the largest and strongest of the three?
  97. 97Where is the inferior glenohumeral ligament found? What function does it provide?b/w the subscapularis and teres minor tendons
    it reinforces the inferior glenohumeral capsule
  98. 98What is the significance of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?beyond 90 degrees abduction, the subcapularis tendon no longer provides anterior (forward) stability of the humeral head, so the anterior stability must be provided by the axillary pouch of the inferior glenohumeral ligamentWhat is the significance of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?
  99. 99Define and labeltransverse humeral ligament
    passes b/w the humeral tubercles, attaching superior to the epiphyseal line
    It converts the intertubercular groove into a canal into a canal and acts as a retinaculum for the long tendon of the biceps    Define and label
  100. 100Where is the glenohumeral joint weakest?inferiorly
  101. 101Which scan is the test of choice for diagnosing soft tissue injuries and is often used for assessing ongoing pain which fails to respond to traditional treatment options such as rest, physiotherapy and medicationMRI
  102. 102What imaging types are excellent for detecting bone injuries?x-ray and CT
  103. 103What imaging is best for diagnosing soft tissue injuries such as tears of the rotators cuff or inflammation?MRI
  104. 104—
  105. 105What kind of abnormality is shown?y view
    anterior shoulder dislocation    What kind of abnormality is shown?
  106. 106What kind of abnormality is shown?y view
    posterior shoulder dislocation    What kind of abnormality is shown?
  107. 107What kind of abnormality is shown?Glenoid labrum tearWhat kind of abnormality is shown?
  108. 108What kind of abnormality is shown?SLAP lesion
    Superior labrum from anterior to posterior
    lesion/ tear    What kind of abnormality is shown?
  109. 109Label and defineA Bankart lesion
    Injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum of the shoulder due to anterior shoulder dislocation. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it.    Label and define
  110. 110Shoulder dislocations are brought on by a force applied when the limb is in a position of _______ and _______ rotation, e.g. trying to protect yourself in a fall from a weight when your hands are in front of your head.abduction, externalShoulder dislocations are brought on by a force applied when the limb is in a position of _______ and _______ rotation, e.g. trying to pr...
  111. 111The shoulder joint is weakest ______, and hence is more easily diplaced in this directioninferiorly
  112. 112The most common form of dislocation is called ______, and the limb is placed ____-______anterior,
    antero-inferiorly    The most common form of dislocation is called ______, and the limb is placed ____-______
  113. 113Anterior dislocations stresses the _____ capsule, and the _____ part of the glenoid labrum. If the glenoid labrum is torn, it is referred to as a _______ _____.anterior, anterior, Bankart lesion
  114. 114Shoulder joint deformity, an abnormally long arm, humeral head position in the axilla and pain and dysfunction are symptoms of what?a shoulder dislocationShoulder joint deformity, an abnormally long arm, humeral head position in the axilla and pain and dysfunction are symptoms of what?
  115. 115What is the most physically obvious sign of shoulder dislocation?The normal rounded contour of the shoulder is lost
    the greater tubercle is usually the most palpable    What is the most physically obvious sign of shoulder dislocation?
  116. 116What structures become palpable in a shoulder dislocation?the acromion
  117. 117Movements of the dislocated shoulder are limited and painful, and hence the limb remains in a partially ____ and ____ rotated position This is because the ____ rotators of the joint (________,______) are stretched and also maintained in this positionabducted, laterally
    lateral (infraspinatous and teres minor)    Movements of the dislocated shoulder are limited and painful, and hence the limb remains in a partially ____ and ____ rotated position Th...
  118. 118Most posterior dislocations are caused by what?a direct blow to the front of shoulder, or the violent twisting of the upper arm twisting (e.g. via direct trauma or an epileptic attack)Most posterior dislocations are caused by what?
  119. 119A shoulder can be partially dislocated (in the head of the upper arm is partially out of the shoulder socket) or completely dislocated (the head of the upper arm is completely out of the socket. A partial dislocation is know as:subluxationA shoulder can be partially dislocated (in the head of the upper arm is partially out of the shoulder socket) or completely dislocated (t...
  120. 120a dislocation can result in fracture of the ______humerus
    NB: nerve damage, damage to an artery or muscle is also possible
  121. 121What term is used to describe a loss of range of motion in the shoulder?Frozen shoulder or "Adhesive Capsulitis"
  122. 122What are the characteristics of a frozen shoulder?inflammation, associated pain, limited movement of the glenohumeral joint
  123. 123Frozen shoulder is most common in what age range?40-60
  124. 124How many people in the UK are affected by frozen shoulder annually?1 million
  125. 125What is the ratio of frozen shoulder female:male?2:I
    for unknown reasons
  126. 126What are the four main types of shoulder stiffness? What is the most common of the four?Idiopathic, Diabetic, Post-traumatic and Post--surgical
    Idiopathic is the most common
  127. 127What is the leading hypothesis as to why people with endocrine problems such as diabetics are more prone to shoulder stiffness?It is not entirely understood, but the main hypothesis suggests that it is linked to increased vascularity of the capsule
  128. 128What is shown in the image and how does it relate to stiff shoulder?Synovitis
    Typically seen in stiff or frozen shoulder. Can be accompanied with scarring and adhesions that limit motion. Possible both inside and outside the joint.    What is shown in the image and how does it relate to stiff shoulder?

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Medicine Y2 (Scenario 13 | Shoulder, axilla and arm) Karteikarten am Sc13L03 The pectoral girdle and shoulder joints, erstellt von Emma Allde am 20/09/2016.
Erstellt von
Emma Allde
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Durchschnittliche Bewertung 5,0 von 5 (1 Bewertung)

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