Karteikarten
CSW Chapter 4 Study Guide 2017
Karten in diesem Stapel (37)
- 1ViticultureThe intentional cultivation of grapevines
- 2WinegrowingViticulture for sole purpose of making wine
- 3Vine TrunkConnection between underground root system and above ground structure
- 4Vine ArmsBranches that scion from vine trunk. They support the leaves and clusters
- 5Vine SpurThe beginning formation of an arm
- 6Vine CaneThe long narrow reaching end of a vine arm. Pruned seasonally from cordons to avoid entanglement
- 7CloningThe propagation method of pruning a young cane and hydroponically growing a root system and replanting into vineyard
- 8Field GraftingPropagation method where by removing the canes and making an incision in an undesirable trunk to insert healthy
un-rooted cutting from desirable vine. Gives access to rootstock but grows like new vine - 9Vine yieldingGrapes will grow in first or second season but will be undesirable for winemaking until third season (Thirdleaf) do to youth
- 10Wine grape optimal periodIt is said that the 6th year of a vine is when the greatest crop forms and will produce at optimal levels for a decade
- 11Old vinesThe term is not highly regulated but the designation is often reserved for vines with 50 years of age or more
- 12Ideal growing latitudesBetween 30 and 50 degrees latitude in both Northern and Southern for their long, warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters
- 13Winter dormancyVines conserve their energy for spring production leading to fall harvest. Seasons are opposite between N and S causing a 6 month difference in harvest periods
- 14Bud BreakA potentially hazardous period when temps exceed 50F
- 15FloweringThe 2nd critical phase that takes place 40 to 80 days after bud break. These cluster of flowers that fertilize will turn into one or two grapes. Warm and dry is ideal for during flowering
- 16BerriesReferring to grapes especially in immature phase
- 17Coulore "Shatter"Disease where by flowers fail to become developed berries due to extreme weather conditions that cause flowers to stay closed and not fertilize (Grenache, Malbec, Merlot and Muscat most susceptible)
- 18MillerandageHazard of poor weather conditions that cause uneven maturation and ripeness of grapes. Can cause "green" flavors in wines negatively
- 19VeraisonThe plants sudden acceleration period towards maturation
- 20Physiological MaturityThe optimal level of phenolic compunds
- 21RespirationPlants break down of sugar and carbs providing energy for root and leaf growth. Rate of respiration doubles for every 18F temperature increase
- 22TranspirationProcess where water evaporation leaves through opening in underside of leaves. Known as Stomata. Cools the vine
- 23StomataThe openings in the underside of leaves that allow transpiration. They will close if not enough water is available. They bring in carbon dioxide and a shut down will also stop photosynthesis
- 24TranslocationMovement of material from one part of the plant to another
- 25Weather vs ClimateWeather: Actual current conditions
Climate: Historical averages - 26Climate: Macro- Meso - Micro -Macro: The region
Meso: Portion of region
Micro: Portion of vineyard - 27Two common soil details for best growing1. Not very fertile soil, controls growth preventing over production
2. Regulates water supply by drainage so vines do not intake too much - 28Soil is defined by size of its particlesClay: Very fine, tight, low water passage
Silt: Mid size
Sand: Coarse particles low water retention
Gravel: Large, inorganic - 29Viral DiseaseVirus spread through propagating infected cuttings
- 30Bacterial DiseaseUsually spread by insects and and animals
- 31Fungal DiseaseGenerally spread by airborne spores especially in warm, humid climates: Oidium and Peronospora. Usually show as powdery mildew
- 32Botrytis CineraKnown as noble rot. Can be beneficial if occurring at full maturation but detrimental during early stage of grape growth. In German is is called Edelfaule
- 33PhylloxeraMicroscopic insects that sucks sap from leaves and roots of grapevines. American vines are resistant to Phylloxera
- 34Pruning and Training MethodsHead Training: Vines grow like bushes and normally spur pruned
Guyot: Cane is trained along wire all in same direction
Cordon: Same as guyot but spur pruned
Pergola: Trained vertically - 35VSPVertical Shoot Positioning: Allows good air circulation and light exposure. each new years canes trained upward above fruiting area. Easier harvest
- 36BrixDegree of measurement pertaining to sugar content in grapes
- 37Sugar measurementsUS: Brix
France: Baume
Germany: Oechsle (Oe)
Austria: Klosterneuburger Mostwaage (KMW)
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- Karteikarten am CSW Chapter 4 Study Guide 2017, erstellt von Adam Greiner am 15/03/2017.
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