Karteikarten
Building Construction Flashcards
Karten in diesem Stapel (117)
- 1Gravity resistance systemConsists of all the structural elements and the connections that support and transfer the loads.
- 2LoadForce or other action that result from the weight of all building materials occupants and their possessions environmental effects differential movement and restrained dimensional changes.
- 3StressForce per unit area which produces a deformation.
- 4StrainThe actual percent of elongation (deformation) when a material is stressed.
- 5KIP1 000 pounds force.
- 6CompressionDirect pushing force in line with the axis member; the opposite of tension.
- 7TensionA pulling or stretching force in line with the axis of the body; the opposite of compression which is pushing crushing stress.
- 8TorsionA force tending to twist a structural member.
- 9Dead loadThe weight of a building; the dead load consists of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated into a building including but not limited to walls floor roofs ceilings stairways built-in partitions finishes cladding and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items as well as fixed service equipment including the weight of cranes.
- 10Self-weightAnother term for dead load.
- 11Fire resistanceThe ability of a material to avoid ignition combustion and the thermal effects of fire.
- 12Lightweight trussesA collection of lightweight structural components joined in a triangular unit that can be used to support either floors or roofs.
- 13Concentrated loadA load acting on a very small area of the structure's surface; the exact opposite of a distributed load.
- 14Live loadThe weight of the building contents.
- 15Impact loadThe effect of a moving load upon a stationary structure.
- 16Lateral impact loadA force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction such as wind or seismic forces.
- 17Repeated loadA load that is applied intermittently.
- 18Wind loadThe positive or negative force of the wind acting on a structure.
- 19Diaphragm floorsDesigned to stiffen a building against wind and other lateral loads such as earthquakes.
- 20Diagonal braceBraces set at an angle which connect columns and are often concealed within walls.
- 21K-bracingAn arrangement of braces between columns that resembles the letter "K".
- 22Portal bracingHeavy riveting of girders to columns from the top to the bottom of the frame
- 23Shear wallWalls that counteract the effects of lateral loads such as wind and earthquakes.
- 24MegastructureA very large structure.
- 25Tube constructionExternally braced structure.
- 26Core constructionNo extra no braces involved; bracing is done within the core of the structure.
- 27Vierendeel trussA rectangular truss with very rigid corner bracing.
- 28PierA short column of masonry usually rectangle or in horizontal cross-section used to support other structural members.
- 29Axial loadA load that passes through this centroid of a section under construction and is perpendicular to the plane of the section.
- 30CentroidThe center point at which a body would be stable or balance under the influence of gravity.
- 31Eccentric loadA force which is perpendicular to the plane of the section but does not pass through the center of the section.
- 32Fire loadThe potential fuel available for a fire in a building.
- 33Heat release rateIndicates how fast the potential heat in a fuel is released
- 34QA designation of the heat release rate; refers to the rate at which the fuel will burn.
- 35Caloric valueMeasured in British thermal units; the amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water 1°F.
- 36BtuBritish thermal unit. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1°F at the pressure of 1 atm and temperature of 60°F
- 37KilojouleMetric equation approximately equivalent to one British thermal unit.
- 38WattMeasurement energy release rate of a fire.
- 39KilowattA measurement energy release rate of a fire.
- 40MegawattsMeasurement energy release rate of a fire.
- 41Suspended loadA hanging load supported from above.
- 42Tie rodA rod in tension; used to hold parts of a structure together.
- 43CantileveredSupported by a cantilever.
- 44Reinforced concreteIn concrete masonry construction steel reinforcement that is embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together and resisting forces.
- 45Safety factorRepresents the ratio of the strength of the material just before failure to the safe working stress.
- 46Ultimate strengthThe highest load that a member or structure can sustain before failure occurs.
- 47CompositeBuild up of different parts pieces or materials.
- 48ChordAn outside member of a truss as opposed to the inner "webbed members."
- 49WebIn the case of a truss the sloping and vertical components (in a triangle arrangement) that connect the upper and lower chords.
- 50Glitch plate girderMade by sandwiching a piece of steel between two wooden beams.
- 51Brick and block-composite wallConsists of an exterior wythe of brick directly mortared or parged to an inner wythe of concrete masonry unit (CMU).
- 52Structural elementsInclude beams columns arches and walls.
- 53Structural frameConsists of all members in a structure that are tied together to carry the imposed loads to the substructure and hence to the ground.
- 54BeamA structural member which transmits forces perpendicular to such forces to the reaction points.
- 55DeflectsThe deformation or displacement of a structural member as result of loads acting on it.
- 56Neutral axisThe line along which the length of the beam does not change.
- 57StiffnessThe capacity of a member or framework to resist imposed loads without excessive deflection.
- 58Uniformly distributed loadA load which is applied evenly over an area.
- 59Simple beamSupported at two points near its ends. In simple beam construction the load is delivered to the two reaction points and the rest of the structure renders no assistance in an overload.
- 60Continuous beamA beam supported at three or more points. Structurally advantageous because if the span between two supports is overloaded the rest of the beam assists in carrying the load.
- 61Fixed beamBeam supported at two points and rigidly held in position at both points. This rigidity may cause collapse of a wall if the beam collapses in the rigid connection does not yield properly.
- 62Overhanging beamProjects beyond its support but not far enough to be a cantilever.
- 63BracketDiagonal member that supports what would otherwise be a cantilever.
- 64JoistA beam.
- 65Steel joistAn open web design used for the support of floors and roofs.
- 66Bar joistLightweight steel truss joist.
- 67GirderA beam that supports other beams.
- 68Built-up girderMade of steel plates and angles riveted together as distinguished from one rolled from one piece of steel.
- 69Spandrel girderGirders that tie wall columns together in a framed building.
- 70LintelThe horizontal beam that forms the upper structural member of an opening for a window or door and supports part of the structure above it.
- 71GrillageA series of closely spaced beams designed to carry a particularly heavy load.
- 72Cantilever beamA beam supported at one end only rigidly held in position at that end.
- 73Needle beamsWhen any change is made to the foundation of an existing wall the wall must be supported. Often holes are cut through the wall and so-called needle beams are inserted and supported on both sides. They pick up the load of the walls.
- 74Suspended beamA hanging load supported from above.
- 75Transfer beamA beam which typically carries a load around a large opening or over an area in order to avoid intervening columns.
- 76ReactionThe response in structures to the imposed loads which are generally developed at the supports.
- 77ColumnA structural member which transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member.
- 78StrutA bracing column.
- 79RakersDiagonal bracing column.
- 80Load-bearing wallAny wall which carries a load in addition to its own weight.
- 81Non-load-bearing wallA wall supporting no load other than its own weight.
- 82Cross wallAny wall at right angles to any other wall; the walls should brace one another.
- 83Veneer wallA wall made up of a single vertical thickness of masonry designed to improve the exterior appearance of a building.
- 84Composite wallA wall comprised of two or more masonry materials that react together under load.
- 85Headermasonry unit that overlaps two or more adjoining wythes of masonry to tie them together.
- 86StretchersA masonry unit laid horizontally with its length in the direction of the face of the wall.
- 87Panel wallsNon-load-bearing enclosing wall on framed buildings.
- 88Curtain wallsNon-load-bearing enclosing wall on framed buildings.
- 89Party wallA load-bearing wall that is common to two structures.
- 90Fire wallWall with a fire-resistive rating and structural stability that separates buildings or subdivides a building to prevent the spread of fire.
- 91Partition wallA non-load-bearing wall that subdivides spaces within a story of a building or room.
- 92Demising wallWall bounding a tenant space.
- 93Rubble masonry wallA wall composed of an inner and outer wythe of coursed masonry. The space between is filled with random masonry sometimes mixed with mortar. Such walls are unstable to a lateral thrust.
- 94WytheA single continuous vertical wall of masonry units (one masonry unit in thickness).
- 95Precast concrete tilt slab wallThis is a vertical cantilever when being erected and is braced by tormentors or temporary bracing poles.
- 96Serpentine wallA curving wall.
- 97ButtressMass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it. Necessary when a vault or an arch places a heavy load or thrust on one part of a wall.
- 98PilasterA masonry column built on the inside surface of the wall.
- 99Wall columnA column of steel reinforced concrete or solid masonry (such as brick or solid block) in a block wall. Concentrated loads such as main girders are applied to the wall directly above the wall column.
- 100Cavity or hollow wallBuilt of two wythes (a single vertical thickness of masonry) separated by a space for rain drainage and insulation.
- 101HomogeneousWhen describing wall construction a wall which acts as one unit (good bonding exists between bricks blocks and mortar).
- 102ArchCombines the function of a beam and a column.
- 103VoussoirsA wedge-shaped block whose converging sides radiate from a center forming an element of an arch or vaulted ceiling.
- 104TransmittedShows how a load is spread from the point of application to the ground.
- 105FoundationThe lower division of a building that serves to transmit and anchor the loads from the super-structure directly to its earth or rock usually below ground level.
- 106PinnedStructural elements are connected by simple connectors such as bolts rivets or weld joints.
- 107Rigid-framedStructural frame in which all columns and beams are rigidly connected. There are no hinged joints and the angular relationship between beam and column members is maintained under load.
- 108Monolithic concreteAll successive poured concrete castings are joined together so that a structure seems to be like one piece of stone.
- 109Wet jointsCast-in-place concrete unites rods that project from precast sections.
- 110Plastic designConnections that redirect overloads to other sections of the building.
- 111Ledger boardA wood board typically attached to a walls studs which are used to wood joists.
- 112Sand-lime mortarWater-soluble mixture; when water is applied the mortar can be washed away from the wall.
- 113Gravity connectionDepends on the weight of the building to hold it in place.
- 114Gusset plateConnecting plate made of lightweight metal used in trusses.
- 115Gang nailConnecting plate made of lightweight metal used on trusses.
- 116Fire-cutThe end of a joist is cut at an angle to permit the joist to fall out of a wall without damaging the load-bearing wall.
- 117Self-releasing floorFloor girders are set on brackets attached to columns. A wood cleat or steel dog-iron similar to a big staple is used to provide minimal stability. Often used in heavy-timber construction.
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- Beschreibung
- LT Fire Fighting (Building Construction) Karteikarten am Building Construction Flashcards, erstellt von tara kroner am 07/05/2017.
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- tara kroner
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