DNA and RNA

Frederick Griffith: Determined that there is a transforming factor to cause rough (harmless) bacteria to form smooth (deadly) bacteria

Oswald Avery: Determined that DNA is the transforming factor in Griffith's experiment by treating bacteria with RNA destroying enzymes and DNA destroying enzymes

Hershey and Chase: Prove Avery and Griffith's findings by labeling the protein coat with sulfur and DNA with phosphorus and saw that phosphorus made it through, not Sulfur

Rosalind Franklin: uses x-ray diffraction to determine a helical shape of DNA

James Watson and Franklin Crick: use Franklin's research to determine that the shape of DNA is a double helix, also discover that bases are held together with weak hydrogen bonds and determine complementary base pairing

DNA Structure

Phosphate Group, Deoxyribose (sugar), and nitrogenous bases

Nitrogenous Bases:

Cytosine and Guanine

Adenine and Thymine

(Chargaff's Principle)