Mitosis and Meiosis: Cell Types and Chromosomes

Mitosis

Duplicates cells

This process is used to grow and repair parts of the body.

Creates two cells with 46 chromosomes

Occurs in all living organisms

There are four stages

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Meiosis

Creates germ cells

Creates haploid cells that have half the DNA, 23 chromosomes

The cell that is used during the process contains 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

Types of Cells

Somatic Cells

Germ Cells

Somatic cells are diploid

They are a result of mitosis

They contain 46 chromosomes

Every cell in your body except sex cells (sperm and eggs) are somatic cells

46 chromosomes once sperm and egg come together (produces a zygote)

Single germ cell contains 23 chromosomes

Sperm and egg cells are germ cells (gametes)

Involved in every step of reproduction

Diploid Cells

Haploid Cells

Diploid cells reproduce by mitosis making daughter cells that are exact replicas.

A haploid cell will merge with another haploid cell at fertilization.