Behavioral Theories: Pavlov and Skinner

Behavioral Theories:

Central Concept:

All behavior learned; Behaviors that have pleasurable results repeated

Ivan Pavlov

Russian Physiologist; Most research in Digestion

** Theory/Model of Classical Conditioning - relates to Physical Responses

** Pavlov's Dogs - bell before food

Terminology:

1. Unconditioned stimulus - causes natural response

2. Unconditioned response - natural reflex to stimulus

3. Conditioned stimulus - causes a natural LEARNED response

4. Conditioned response - natural LEARNED REFLEX to stimulus

B.F. Skinner

** Developed Air-crib; Skinner box - rats press level = food

** Theory/Model of Operant Conditioning - relates to ACTION/CONSEQUENCE approach

Terminology:

1. Reinforcement - reward for behavior

2. Terminal behavior - end behavior wanted

3. Shaping - rewards until terminal behavior seen

4. Chaining - teaching in steps (forward/backward)

5. Schedule of reinforcement - continuous & partial

6. Extinction - getting rid of behavior; remove reward