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SOFTWARE CHPATER

Operating systems:

Operating systems are the ones responsible for manipulate all the computer´s hardware. It functions the whole time we use the computer and provides the user interface so we can manage programs and other data. It doesn´t work by itself, it only provides a platform on which application software can run. Also, the operating system controls all hardware devices like disk drives, printers, and else. It does this transparently to the user.

Platforms:

That term is usually used todescribe a particular combination of hardware and operating system.

Utility software:

Is the basic software included with operating systems to make common tasks, helping to maintain and manage the computer. It´s something basic that every computer has, and without it the computers wouldn´t work properly.

Backups:

All the data we own in electroonic devices, like computers, flash drives and else can be damaged, it can happen a natural disaster that destroys all our data, movies, pictures, music and documents... It´s not entirely safe even in a great computer or in a flash drive. That´s were backups comes in action. It´s a complete backup of all data on a computer system. It saves all the valuable data. An incremental backup is used to backup only the files that have changed since the last backup

Application Software:

It helps to make tasks, and solve problems, like creating documents, etc. It´s also called productivity software. There are a lot of types of application software, each specialising in a different task. For example, Word processing software lets create typed docs like letteres, books or presentations, essays, etc. ALso, there is Desktop Publishing software allows the creation of documents such as leaflets, brochures, posters, newsletters, and magazines. There are many types of software: Audio, graphic software...

Software licenses:

Licenses are a form of intellectual property and is also protected by copyright laws. In my words, licenses are for protecting ones work, like documents, images, videos, etc. You can apply one license in your work depending on how you want that to be used, managed, copied or distributed for specific reasons. If you want people to edit and manage your work like they please and distributed it, there´s a license for that, and they have to credit you, of course. It´s a way of protecting your work and to aknowledge each.

Commercial software is software which is licensed or sold for profit by the companies that create it.

Shareware is software that´s distributed for no cost and is free to use for a limited period of time.

Freeware can be distributed for free, but the software's copyright is still maintained by the author. One has to be carefull with that.

Public domain software is software for which the creator has relinquished all rights. This ose the one I talked about. You can do anything you want.

Commercial licenses:

This is more strict than the licenses before. There are a lot of licenses, but not all companies sell them as wel. I´m going to mention a few:

Single user licence: Allows only one user to use the software. Only one user with that permission can enter that software.

Multi-user licence: Allows a specific or certain number of users to install and use the software. It´s kind of exclusive.

Site licence : This one allows the software to be installed on as many computers as they want, and used by as many users as needed, provided that they exist in the same organisation. This one is very specific with what you can do.

Cloud computing:

This is a new computer pehenomenom. Instead of saving pictures and data in the desktop, there´s a new website, a remote server on the internet known as the "Cloud". In there, you can save pictures and else and access to it on every device once you loggin. So iif you save something on your desktop, it´s also saved in the cloud. that´s very safe and not everyone can enter to it.

Graphical User Interfaces (GUI):

This interface uses visual buttons, menus, icons, and windows to represent different parts of the computer, including the hardware. It´s controlled by a mouse, but in can include controlling it with touching sensitive devices or voice commands.

Command Line Interface (CLI):

In a Command Line Interface the user interacts with the computer solely by typing commands. Only by that one can have contact and access to the computer. Depending on the commands, the user can specify additional parameters.

Gustavo Fuentes

Menu Driven Interface:

Menu-Driven Interfaces let the user make selections from a series of predetermined options. All the options are spread in the screens so one can select. They are used in Automatic bank tellers, in restaurants were you can pick your food by yourself or the cashier selects your order in their computers.

Software Reliability:

All IT systems are a combination of hardware, software, people, and data. Many problems can be caused, and with any of these parts that fails, or a bunch of tose fail, can cause an IT system to fall apart. All software contains errors and mistakes made by the programmers as they create programs. And thats a big problem

There´s been a lot of problems relating to that. In the year 2000 the problem came that the systems represented the year as "00", and not like "99" as previously, and they did that because it saved money. That casued problems with calculations, like ages of people born in 1980, for example.