Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Flussdiagrammknoten
- free radical substitution
- Nucleophilic substitution
- NaOH & Ethanol heated under reflux
- dehydration (elimination)
- Conc H2SO4 at 170*C/ gaseous alcohol over heated Al2O3
- reversible reaction, so 300*C, 60-70 atm, phosphoric acid catalyst
- 1* alcohol only - Oxidation
- Distillation with acidified potassium dichromate (aq potassium dichromate & sulfuric acid)
- Reflux continuously with K2Cr2O7/H+
- 2* alcohol only - Oxidation
- Other oxidising agent - acidified potassium manganate
- Acid + Base -> Salt + WaterAcid + Carbonate -> Salt + water + carbon dioxide
- Chemical test- Carbonates & hydrogen carbonates
- carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water
- conc H2SO4 (catalyst) & Heat under reflux
- Nucleophilic substitution
- Chemical tests- Bromine water- Brown to colourless as the Br2 adds to the double bondAcidified potassium Manganate KMnO4- Purple solution becomes colourless
- Chemical test- sodium hydroxide added to release ions. Nitric acid neutralises excess acid. Aqueous silver nitrate added
- 150*C & Nickel catalyst (platinum not used because of cost
- Chlorine - white pptBromine- Cream pptIodine - yellow ppt
- Chemixal test to distinguish between different types of alcohol- Potassium dichromate turns from orange to green when oxidised
- Primary alcohol - can be oxidised Twice. Alcohol -> Aldehyde -> Carboxylic acidd
- Secondary alcohol - oxidised once. Alcohol -> Ketone
- Tertiary alcohol - No oxidation