Wake up Dad (sleep apnea)

Wake up Dad (sleep apnea)

1. Anatomy of URT

2. Neural breathing control centers

   • Cerebral control
     • Voluntary hypoventilation
     • Voluntary hyperventilation
   • Central Control
     • Medulla
       • Ventral neurons
         • Expiration
       • Dorsal neurons
         • Nucleus Tractus Solitarius
     • Pons
       • Lower pons
         • Apneustic centers
       • Upper pons
         • Pneumotaxic
   • Receptors
     • Chemoreceptors
       • Central
       • Peripheral
     • Mechanoreceptors
       • Lung stretch receptors
       • Joint + muscle receptors
     • Irritant receptors
     • J receptors

3. Snoring

   • noisy breathing
   • Mechanism
     • due to vibration of soft palate and its thin edges due to partial air way obstruction during inspiration
   • Causes
     • -Alcohol -Sleep apnea -Sleep position -Sleep deprivation
   • TONSILLECTOMY

4. Excessive snoring with intervals of breath cessation and arousals from sleep.

5. Signs and Symptoms

   • Nocturnal symptoms
     • Snoring, Apneas, Gasping and choking sensations that arouse the patient from sleep, Nocturia, Insomnia
   • Daytime symptoms
     • Nonrestorative sleep, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Daytime fatigue, Morning confusion, Mood changes, Hypertension

6. Risk factors

   • Excessive weight, Family history, Male gender,

7. Pathophysiology

   • Obstruction
   • Neurologic

8. Investigation

   • Physical examination
     • Neck circumference, tonsils and tongue, septum and soft palate, blood pressure
   • Mallampati Score
   • Polysomnography
     • Records brain waves, oxygen levels, heart rate and breathing, as well as eye and leg movements and sleep noises during the study.

9. Management

   • CPAP
     • It gently blow pressurized air through your airway at a constant pressure that keeps the throat from collapsing.
   • Lifestyle

10. Psychological impact

    • QOL
    • Social life and work
    • economic burden

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