Mindmap

FEUDALISM

Daniel Martin Englisch

Mind map: Feudalism

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FEUDALISM

Was a dangerous world
- because
  - The Vikings from Scandinavia
    - attacked many countries
      - including
        Britain
        Ireland
        France
    - Ships
      - they were very good
        because
        they
        were called
        longships
        because
        they were long and narrow
        so they could
        go up rivers
        had
        One big sail
        Dragon,s head
        to scare people
        shields
        for protection
        used
        oars
        to move if
        there was no wind
    - Where did they go?
      - where they attacked
        France
        Ireland
        Britain
        Most of the vikings attacked were monks or farmers .Often they just stole food and treasure .However, they also founded cities like Dublin and York
      - where they raided
        Iberian Peninsula
        Italy
      - to the rivers they visited
        to trade with the Byzantine Empire
        Volga
        Dinieper
      - some west places they visited
        Iceland
        Greenland
        America
  - Magyars from Hungary
    - raided
      - Germany
      - Italy
  - Saracens from North Africa
    - attacked
      - Italy
      - France
      - Byzantine Empire
  - The kings
    - were too poor to have
      - a
        Big
        Permanent
        army
        so
        They coudn´t protec people
  - The invaders
    - attacked suddenly
      - and then
        disappearaded again
        so
        there was no time to gather an army
Agriculture
- people grew crops like
  - barley
  - beans
  - grappes
- they weren´t
  - fertilizers
    - so
      - each year half of land
        was left fallow
        this allowed
        the land to recover its fertility
        but it
        reduced
        the amount oof food that they could grow
Feudal System
- one person gave
  - portection and/or land
    - to someone else
      - in return
        the other person had to
        fight or work
        for their protector
- the order of Protectors
  - King
    - ruler of the country
    - owned all of the land
    - was quiet weak
    - with any army
    - gave
      - land
      - protection
        to the
        Nobles
    - in return for
      - homage
      - military aid
        Nobles
        Barons
        vassals of the king
        paid homage to the king
        In times of war
        they had to provide knight to fight in the king´s army
        in return
        larges areas of land
        they acted as judges
        they collected taxes
        Knightgs
        less important than nobles
        vassals of the barons
        they promised figt to the baron
        in return the fee
        is the area given to a knight in return for providing military service
        Each fee consited of a
        castle or manor house
        one or more villages
        farming land
        forest
        gave
        land
        protection
        Serfs
        They couldn´t leave the noble´s land
        without permission
        they coudn´t be bought or sold
        in return
        work on the land
        paying rent
        Peasants
        Peasnts
        lived in
        simple houses
        in the village
        had to
        collect direwood
        bulid
        roads
        bridges
        to pay the noble to gind their corn windmill
        work in
        farming land
        was divided into three sections
        at least a third of the land belonged to the noble
        some land belonged to the Church
        the peasants could grow their own food on the rest of the land
        were farmers who rented land to a noble
        Paid the rent by working to the noble
        Had to work to the Church
        in return they were protected by the noble
        Free men
        they could leave
        if they want
        they could got to work on an other noble´s land
        lived in a castle or a big house called a manor house
    - lived in a caste
Consecuences of Feudalism
- Each fee
  - produced what they reqired
    - so
      - trade almost disappeared
      - the trade with diferents parts of Europe became insolated
        from one another
        it became harder knowledge
        so progress
        slow down
Everyday life
- Noblemen
  - Normal day
    - got up at dawn
    - they alwas had to be ready to fight
      - so
        they spent a lot of time
        practising using their weapons
  - Leisure
    - they went hunting whith falcons
    - the
      - poets
      - musicians
      - acrobats
        Entertained the nobles in their free time
      - jesters
  - Food
    - they ate lots of
      - meat
      - fish
  - Boys
    - lived by a knight from another family as a page
      - to apprentice
    - they learned how to
      - ride a horse
      - use their weapons
- Peasants men
  - Normal day
    - worked in
      - the fields
        from dawn to dusk
        in summer
        this ment getting up at 3 am
  - Leisure
    - had very little free time
      - but
        a few time a year
        there were
        fairs
        were very big markets
        where people came to
        buy
        things
        sell
        Campagne
        really big fairs
        lasted for six weeks
        the main purpose
        of the fairs of was trade
        they were also a chance to have fun
        the local people that visited merchants
        were entertained by
        singers
        jugglers
        acrobats
        stilt walkers
        you could also
        participate in competitions
        of
        archery
        wrestling
        play games
        festivals
        Tournaments
        entertain all the people
        were originally
        a chance for knights
        to practice
        their battle skills
        there were two main parts
        The mêlée
        the kinghts
        were divided
        in two
        teams
        which
        fought
        against the other
        the joust
        fight between two
        knights on horseback
        you had to
        knock the opponent
        off his horse
        the knights use
        especial
        weapons
        armour
        to stop people being badly injured
        were very dangerous
        because
        the participants
        were often killed
        after
        the host
        held a big banquet
        and
        the
        bravest
        knights
        were given a prizes
        best
  - Food
    - ate
      - normaly
        bread
        vegetable soup
      - Nevertheless, they occasionally had
        rabbit
        pork
- Noblewomen
  - Marriage
    - had to
      - marry
      - have a children
      - obey their husband
    - Their parents
      - arranged
        the marriage
    - if they didn´t marry
      - they became
        nuns
  - Normal day
    - they spent most of their time
      - sewing
      - weaving
    - they also
      - loocked after the chlidren
      - organised the servants
  - Leisure
    - hardly
      - went outside
        the castle
  - Girls
    - were
      - educated by
        their mothers
- Peasant women
  - Marriage
    - serf women
      - had to get
        permission
        from the noble men
        to marry
    - they could only marry
      - somebody
        with
        the same
        fee
  - Normal day
    - like the men
      - they worked in the fields
    - they also spent time
      - cooking
      - looking after the children
      - sewing
      - weaving
- The Catholic Church
  - is the third class of the people in feudal society
  - the clergy
  - The Roman Catholic Church
    - payed
      - a very important role in people´s live
        was also very rich
        kings
        gave lots of land to the Church
        the Church
        get a lot of money
        by renting out the land
        to peasant farmers
        everyone paid taxes
        called
        tithes
        a tenth of thir income
        to the Church
        this is how was organised
        Pope
        leader of the Roman Catholic Church
        had a private army
        governed the Papal states in central Italy
        could excommunicate people
        Clergy
        was split into two groups
        Regular Clergy
        Members of the religious order
        abbots
        High Clergy
        abbesses
        monks
        nuns
        Secular Clergy
        didn´t belong to a religious order
        archbishops
        High Clergy
        bishops
        High Clergy
        came from the Noble classes
        priest
        Low Clergy
        came from the poor classes
        Life in Monastery
        here lived the people
        promised serve God
        living in the
        monastery
        convent
        when they entered the monastery
        they had to make certain vows
        the vow of the obedience
        obey the
        abbot
        abbesses
        the rules of the
        religious order
        the vow of the chastity
        there weren´t
        allowed
        to marry
        the vow of poverty
        gave away
        all the things
        that they
        allowed
        activities
        pray
        eight times a day
        working in the orchats
        looking after the sick
        and
        the poor
        doing chores
        studied
        Greek
        gave
        lessons
        to
        boys
        new monks
        copied
        Roman
        manuscripts
- Pilgrimages
  - was a journey
    - to a place
      - where
        saint was
        buried
        important
        religics where
        kept
    - The Journey
      - Most of pilgrims
        went by foot
        rode on horseback
        Many even
        walked barefoot
        to show their
        humility
      - Philgrims faced to came
        Bandits
        waited in the
        mountains
        forest
        this made
        easiest
        to steal pilgrims
        bad weather
        wild animals
        disease
  - three most important destinationsfor the philgrims
    - were
      - Jerusalem
      - Rome
      - Santiago de Compostela
  - Why did people go on pilgrimages?
    - this are the most important
      - to see
        holy
        places
        objects
      - visit holy sites of penance
        is a way for paying their sins
      - Pilgrims
        wanted to
        ask a favour
        they were ill
        they hoped to be cured
      - for turims
        or
        because they wanted to see the world
  - Consecuences
    - important
      - economic
      - important
        consequences
    - the towns
      - developed
        along main pilgrim
        routes
      - had inns
        where
        pilgrims
        could
        eat
        sleep
        markets
        they could
        buy things
        they needed
    - people
      - from many different countries
        travelled together
        on pilgrimages
        this helped
        spread ideas
        across Europe
        at a time
        there wasn´t much trade
- The crusades
  - The First Crusade
    - in 1096
      - Pope Urban II
        said that
        it was a duty of Christian to
        help the Byzantines fight against the Turks
        The First Crusade
        many
        barons
        knights
        set out on
        The First Crusade
        was a
        long
        journey
        dangerous
        in 1099
        they took Jerusalem
        the crussaders
        established
        several
        Christian kingdoms
        on
        eastern coast
        of
        the Mediterranean
  - Later Crusades
    - There were many more crusades
      - but gradually
        the Muslims took back the land that they had lost
        eventually in
        1291
        the last crusader kigdom
        disappeared
    - the Third Crusade
      - started in
        1187
        when Saladin took
        Jerusalem from the Christians
        Promised to let Christian pilgrims visit the city
      - was led by
        Richard I of England
        Neither side
        was completely victorious
        go back home without taking Jerusalem
- Romanesque
  - lots of people
    - travelled
      - on
        pilgrimages
        crusades
        which helped
        spread ideas
        this lead to a similar style of
        art
        architecture
        begin established in
        much of
        Europe
        this style was called
        Romanesque
        was widely used
        until the end of 12th century
        when
        Gothic style
        started to take over
        Architecture
        buildings
        Churches
        in
        the countryside
        Castles
        Monasteries
        they were built
        from stone
        Most of churches
        had
        a cruciform plan
        as a symbol of Christ´s
        crucifixion
        very thick walls
        for defence
        not many
        (and mainly small)
        windows
        for defence
        this made
        very dark inside
        semi-circular arches
        on
        windows
        doors
        Paintings
        simple in style
        most of churches
        were decorated by
        murals
        shows scenes from the Bible
        the walls of Church
        were like a
        picture Bible
        Sculptures and reliefs
        were on church buildings
        showed
        scenes from the Bible

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Beschreibung: Mindmap am FEUDALISM, erstellt von Daniel Martin am 09/12/2017.
Erstellt von: Daniel Martin
Aufrufe: 1
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