The shoulder

The shoulder

1. Joints

   • is the site of meeting of 2 or more bones together.
     • Types
       • Synovial which are freely mobile
       • Cartilaginous which are subdivided into primary and secondary
       • Fibrous which are The articular surfaces of the bones are connected together by a strong fibrous tissue.
       • According to shape of articulating surface
       • According to articulating bones
         • Simple joint
           • Example: Acromioclavicular joint
         • Complex
           • Example: knee
         • compund
   • of the upper limb
     • Acromioclavicular
       • which is a Synovial, plane
     • Sternoclavicular
       • which is a Double synovial, plane
     • Glenohumeral
       • which is a Synovial , ball & socket
         • and The capsule is reinforced by
           • Rotator cuff (sits tendons) glenohumeral ligament coracohumeral ligament Transvers humeral ligaments
     • The scapulo-thoracic join
       • which is a physiological joint
         • movement occurs between the scapula and associated muscles and the thoracic wall

2. Anatomy

3. Muscles of the shoulder

   • Serratus anterior
   • Latissmus dorsi
   • Biceps and triceps
   • Deltoid
   • Trapezius
   • Rotator cuff and teres major
   • Pectoralis major and minor

4. Movements of the shoulder

   • Flexion
   • Extension
   • Abduction
   • Adduction
   • Medial and lateral rotation

5. Clinical examination of the shoulder

   • History taking
   • Palpation
     • Range of motion includes active and passive
   • Impingement test
     • Includes: Neer and hawkins test

6. Swimmer's shoulder

   • term used to describe an overuse shoulder injury occurring in swimmers.
     • could be irritation of tendons, muscles, ligaments

7. Management of shoulder injury

   • In a shoulder injury, you should avoid any activities that cause increased pain and place a A supportive bandage or shoulder brace
     • Anti-inflammatory medication also may be prescribed to reduce pain and swelling
       • or even surgery

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap