The arm

The arm

1. Anatomy

   • bone
   • muscles
     • anterior compartment
     • posterior compartment
   • nerves
   • arteries

2. physiology

   • flexion & extension

3. bones

   • structure
     • bone cells
     • bone matrix
     • periosteum
   • classification
     • by shape
     • by density
       • compact & spongy

4. injury

   • fracture
     • classification
   • clinical presentation
     • swelling, pain, deformity and loss of function
   • management
     • Stop any bleeding, Immobilize the injured area, Apply cold to the area and treat them from shock
   • clinical examination
     • taking history
       • e.x: mechanism of injury
     • neurological examination
       • tone, power, reflex, function and sensation
     • soft tissue
   • treatment
     • 1- Reduction
       • closed reduction
       • open reduction
     • 2- Immobilization
     • 3- Rehabilitaion
   • healing
     • process
     • complication
       • malunion delayed union nonunion
       • factors affecting bone healing
         • age, nutrition, type of bone, drugs and tobacco use
   • neural heal
   • wrist and finger drop
     • Damage to the radial

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