Colon Cancer

Colon Cancer

1. Definition

   • cancer of the large intestine (colon), which is the final part of your digestive tract
     • starts as
       • adenomatous polyps

2. Pathophysiology

3. Warning signs

   • Constipation
     • unsatisfactory defecation
   • Diarrhea
     • frequent and liquid bowel movements
   • Blood in stool
   • Narrow stool
   • Unexplained anemia
   • Abdominal pain
   • Unexplained weight loss
   • Fatigue and weakness
     • Causes
       • anemia
       • COPD
       • chronic fatigue syndrome
       • Stress

4. Types

   • Rectosigmoid (50% )
   • Ascending colon (15%
   • Descending colon (15%
   • Transverse colon and cecum (each 10%

5. Staging

   • TMN

6. Anatomy of colon

7. investigations

   • Barium enema
   • CT scan
   • Colonoscopy
   • CEA
   • Biopsy

8. Treatment

   • Chemotherapy
     • Antimetabolite
     • Oxaliplatin
     • Topotecan
   • Surgery
     • hemicolectomy

9. Prognosis

   • Stages 0, I, II, and III are often curable with surgery.
   • follow-up
     • physical examinations
       • CEA tests

10. Epidemiology

11. psychology

    • Psycho‐oncology
      • psychosocial aspects of prevention, etiology, diagnostics, treatment, and rehabilitation of cancer
    • coping strategies

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