Taxi driver

Taxi driver

1. Anatomy

   • Regions of vertebral column
     • cervical
       • C1---C7
     • Thoracic
       • T1---T12
     • Lumbar
       • L1---L5
     • Sacral
       • Five Fused
     • coccyx
       • 2--5
   • vertebral curvatures
     • Primary curvature
       • concave forward
     • Secondary curvatures
     • curvatures in adult vertebral column
   • Vertebrae
     • General characteristics of vertebrae
     • Cervical
       • Typical
       • Atypical
         • C1-Atlas
         • C2-Axis
         • C7
   • Joints
     • Zygapophyseal
     • Atlanto Occipital
     • Atlanto Axial
   • Ligaments
   • Sciatic nerve
     • Compression
       • Sciatica
   • Muscles of the back
     • Superficial
     • Deep
     • Intermediate

2. Lower back pain

   • Risks
     • Aging
     • Genetics
     • Occupation
     • Sedentary Life style
     • Excess Weight
     • Pregnancy
   • Alleviating Factors
     • Thermal
     • Posture
     • medium-firm matress
     • Yoga
     • Acupuncture
     • Manual Manipulation
   • Aggravating Factors
     • Poor posture
     • Smoking
     • Mattress
     • Heavy Lifting
     • Sport Injuries
   • Radiating pain
     • nerve or nerve roots are under pressure
   • Referred Pain
     • feeling pain in part of the body that is remote from the tissue causing the pain
   • Noncompliance
     • Dua to
       • financial issues

3. sciatica

   • pain in lower extremity from irritation of sciatic nerve
   • pain is from low back to behind the thigh
     • radiate
       • below the knee
   • Diagnosis
     • Full medical history
     • Physical and neurological examinations
     • Imaging tests
       • X-ray
       • CT
       • EMG
   • Symptoms
     • Weakness or numbness
     • shooting pain in one leg
     • Lower back pain
     • pins-and-needles
     • Constant pain in only one side of the buttock or leg
   • Management and Treatment
     • Rest
     • Surgery
     • Physiotherapy
     • Epidural steroid injection
     • traction therapy
     • spinal manipulation
     • Surgery
   • Pharmacology
     • Skeletal muscle relaxants
     • Corticosteroids
       • Mechanism of action
         • Steroid interacts with its receptor within the cell
           • The receptor losses the HSP and become free
             • Enters the nucleus and binds to the GRP
               • regulation of gene transcription
       • Effect
         • Metabolic
         • Catabolic
         • anti-inflammatory
         • immunomodulatory
       • Uses
         • Adrenal insufficiency
         • Adrenal hyperplasia
         • Cushing syndrome
         • Aldosteronism
         • Lung maturation

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap