Ancient Greece THIS ONE

Ancient Greece THIS ONE

1. MINOANS

   • Neolithic farmers settled there around 7000 B.C and agriculture flourished. By 2000 B.C a sophisticated Minoan emerged cities governed magnificent royal palaces. Historian's can't read their language. MYTHS: old stories told to explain and justify events or actions. MINOANS: Mythical Certan king named Minos. Minos built a labyrinth beneath his palace. Expert sailors ships carried olive oil, wine, cloth etc. The palace was home to almost 20000 people and was the center of Mioan culture, religion and economy. They were polytheistic and suggested many forms of workship. Around 1500 B.C it felt in ruins and declined.
   • MYCENAEAN CIVILIZATIONS
     • Mycenaeans is based on the name their main city Mycenae they established villages. After invading crete in 1500 B.C they adopted Minoan culture and copied many things. They also seized and conqured lands across Eastern Mediterranian. In 1550 B.C they conqured the Minoans taking many things from them. They belived in mythical giants called Cyclopes. Their social pyramid was farmers, artisians, traders warriors. there are 2 theorys about how this civilization ended. The first one is natural disasters and the second one is that they were invaded by mysterious sea people. They had the mask of Agamemnon the gold funeral mask named after a Mythical creature

2. AGE OF HEROES

   • Belived in many Gods and Goddesses, monsters and heros. Homer was a blind bardwho liveed in Ancient Greece, also a poet who tels stories as a Rythmic Chant accompained by music, epic poems or long poetic stories. the Iliad and Odyssey followed greek story telling tradition that mixed history, religion and fantasy. The Troyan war historians belive it was a war between Greeks and City of Troy in 1200 B.C Odysseus tells the story of a greek men called Odysseus an old man that had the idea to attak Troyans by surprie in a wooden horse.

3. CITY STATES

   • Ancient Greece built cities near coast lines for trade and on hilltops for the events. the highest point was Acropolist city. Agora city market place was a social center. the powerful city was Polis. smaller towns supplied food, traded goods, labor and soldiers for the city states. some of them shared a common language, language, religion, heritage and culture. Citizens identified themselves as Athenians or Spartan's . city states had their own way of governing it's citizens. monarchy and aristochrasy. the 600s saw increasing tensions involving aristochratic land owners and uneven distributiion of wealth. this tensions lead to fighting and civil strive men took advantage and seazed power as Tyrants. in order to take power from Tyrants, merchants formed an Oligarchy or goverment rode by powerful citizens.

4. COLONIZATION AND TRADE

   • Growing populations brought new problems. the hot and dry montanious greek countryside did not have enough farmland to feed everyone. They had 2 choices they could fight other places for space or they could reduce their own populations, and they did both. they sent people to search for new lands and they waged wars between them for control. They establish hundreds of colonies over the Mediterranean region. they maintained a close political and economic like between their city states. they shared also the same gods, and greek festivals like the Olympic games.They were expert sailors and carried raw material like silver and tin. The wide-ranging sea encouraged cultural diffusion. they shared thing with the Phoenicians

5. SPARTA'S MILITARY SOCIETY

   • Spartan's lived in fertile areas of Southern Greece. Sparta was located in Eurotas River Valley protected by mountains so attacking this city-state was very difficult. they had a weird government sometimes kings ruled, elected officials and the ruling class. two kings ruled Sparta and they created the the military Society. they had a rigid hierarchy based on the wealth and power.Their social pyramid was: Landowning families, free noncitizen, farmers and traders, and helots or slaves which were only allowed to keep a small portion of what they harvested. Soldiers considered an honor to die in the battle because it was very difficult. the soldiers were raised by the state at their 7 years and they made their future soldiers work hard. Women primary role was to produce soldiers for the city-state and Spartan women lived their life independent from men.

6. ATHENS'S DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

   • the ones who were born in Athens didn't become citizens, vote or have their own property, but they paied taxes and fought in the army. Athenian women were controlled by their husbands. boys attended schools that they could afford and girls couldn't go to school but they learned household skills at home. replaced monarchy for aristochrasy. Solon was a man with special power who improved the condition of the poor by limitating the power of aristochrasy, and allowing an assembly of free citizens to pass.

7. UNITING AGAINTS THE PERSIANS

   • In 546 B.C the Persian Empire conqured Lonia. lonian's wanted to regain their independence. they rebellen in 499 B.C with the support of Athens and Persia crushed the Lonian revolved in 494 B.C the greeks charged into the surprised Persians, forced them back to their ships, and claimed victory over them. Darius's succesor invaded Athens. in 480 B.C hundreds of Persian ships and mire than 150000 soldiers went on the attak. Athens had forged strong alliances, with other greek city states including Sparta. King Leonidas of spartad occupied the mountain pass of thermpoiae the Athenians fought on. At the battle of Salamis a small fleet of Greek called Triremes faced the Persian navy. In 479 B.C a large and united greek army finally defeated the persians of Plataea Persians left greece. Athens and Spanta emerged triumphant as the most powerful city states in Greece.

8. Philosophy

   • Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC and continued throughout the Hellenistic period and the period in which Ancient Greece was part of the Roman Empire. Philosophy was used to make sense out of the world in a non-religious way. It dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, ontology, logic, biology, rhetoric and aesthetics.[

9. PERICLES

   • He was born in 495 B.C in Athens Greece. He was a leader in Athens from 460-429 B.Che also organized construction of the Parthenon and developed a democracy based on a majority rule. Also led a several military missions

10. GODS AND GODDESSES

    • Apollo son of Leto and Zeus. God of music and art
    • Ares son of Hades and Zeus. God of war
    • Dionysus god of vine
      • Hades God of wealth
        • Hephaestus God of fire
          • Hermes messenger of the Gods
            • Poseidon God of the sea
              • Zeus Father of Gods
              • Aphrodite Goddess of love
                • Artemis Goddess of wildlife
                  • Athena Goddess of wisdom
                  • Demeter goddess of harvest
                    • Hera was the protector of the heroes
                  • Hestia omitted from the works of Homer the author of The Odyssey

11. ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE

    • Through their temples, sculpture, and pottery, the Greeks incorporated a fundamental principle of their culture: arete. To the Greeks, arete meant excellence and reaching one's full potential. Ancient Greek art emphasized the importance and accomplishments of human beings. Even though much of Greek art was meant to honor the gods, those very gods were created in the image of humans. The Parthenon, which many consider the finest example of Greek architecture. Built as a tribute to Athena, the goddess of wisdom for whom the city-state Athens was named, the Parthenon is a marvel of design, featuring massive columns contrasting with subtle details.

12. THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE

    • Founded in 478 BC, it was an association of Greek city-states, members numbering between under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece. The League's modern name derives from its official meeting place, the island of Delos, where congresses were held in the temple and where the treasury stood until, in a symbolic gesture, Pericles moved it to Athens in 454 BC. Shortly after its inception, Athens began to use the League's navy for its own purposes – which led to its naming by historians as the Athenian Empire. This behavior frequently led to conflict between Athens and the less powerful members of the League. By 431 BC, Athens' heavy-handed control of the Delian League prompted the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War; the League was dissolved upon the war's conclusion in 404 BC under the dire.

13. ALEXANDER THE GREAT

    • He never lost a battle, he invaded Persia. He also marched his army to South Egypt. destroyed persia, in egypt they crowned him pharaon. He conquerd many lands and deeply homesik they wanted to return home. in 323 B.C he became sick and died at the age of 32

14. WAR BETWEEN SPARTA AND PERSIA

    • Athens had used it's money to protect every city-state and people started to argue Pericles punished them for this in 431 B.C because also every city-state protested inequality, and for this reason the Peloponnesian War had begun. athens wanted to attak persia from the sea, and Persia prepared it's soldiers to attak Athens by land. In 430 B.C Athenians bedun suffering from diseasses and began to plague them so they began to die. Athens was dominant at the sea and Persia at land. Both of them signed a truce to stop fighting.

15. ATHENS

16. PHILIP OF MACEDONIA

    • In 359 B.C Philip II seized the Macedonian throne. Philip built a powerful profesional art and used a new war fare methods. Soldiers formingan unstopable battle formation called Phalanax. A method of wagging war was the use of a machine like the catapult. Philip conquerd the lands around Macedonian. 348 B.C philip had won control

17. ALEXANDER THE GREAT

    • Young Alexander was born in 356 B.C Aristotle was Alexander's tutor. in 336 B.C Philip was assesinated and 20 year old Alexander became king.

18. REFERENCES

    • Pamels, O.C (2011) Pericles. Mexico: Biografias y vidas. www.historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/PhilipofMacedo...
    • Clarkstone, O.F (2014) Ancient Greece . Europe: History in Greece. www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece